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MOHANAD
MEASUREMENT FAEK NOOR I
PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
Units of pressure:
standard: N/m2 (Pa-Pascal),
Kpa (Kilo Pascal)
1Bar=100kpa
Pressure Measurement
Divided into four categories :-
Pabs=Pgauge+Patm
• Bourdon tubes
• diaphragms
• bellows
• The second type of capsule is like the one shown in the differential pressure
transmitter (DP transmitter). The capsule in the bottom is constructed with two
diaphragms forming an outer case and the interspace is filled with viscous oil.
Pressure is applied to both side of the diaphragm and it will deflect towards the
lower pressure.
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Differential Pressure Transmitters
• Most pressure transmitters are built around the pressure capsule concept.
• They are usually capable of measuring differential pressure (that is, The
difference between a high pressure input and a low pressure input) and
therefore, are usually called DP transmitters or DP cells.
strain gauge
• The strain gauge is a device that can be affixed to the surface of an object to
detect the force applied to the object. One form of the strain gauge is a metal
wire of very small diameter that is attached to the surface of a device being
monitored.
strain gauge
• When force is applied to any metallic wire its length increases due to the strain.
The more is the applied force, more is the strain and more is the increase in
length of the wire. If L1 is the initial length of the wire and L2 is the final length
after application of the force, the strain is given as: ε =(L2-L1)/L1
Vibration
The effect of vibration is obvious in the inconsistency of measurements,
but the more dangerous result is the stress on the sensitive membranes,
diaphragms and linkages that can cause the sensor to fail. Vibration can
come from many sources.
Temperature
The temperature effects on pressure sensing will occur in two main areas:
The volumetric expansion of vapour is of course temperature dependent.
Depending on the system, the increased pressure exerted is usually already
factored in.
Vapour Content
The content of the gas or fluid is usually controlled and known. However,
it is mentioned at this point because the purity of the substance whose
pressure is being monitored is of importance - whether gaseous or fluid .
especially, if the device is used as a differential pressure device in
measuring flow of a gas or fluid.
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My first step in Islam :-
( http://www.1ststepsinislam.com/en/introduction.aspx )
( http://www.1ststepsinislam.com/en/introduction.aspx )
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( http://womeninislam.ws/en/introduction.aspx )
( http://womeninislam.ws/en/introduction.aspx )
The key to understanding Islam :-
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thing can change your life ,Islam will change your life and you will feel very happy.
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