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° Ducts divert the air from the fan to the

room.
° They are insulated passages for treated
air with diffusers at the end.
° They can be placed on the floor ,wall or
ceiling.
 ˜
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° The duct layout should be orderly and

systematic, like the structural system.
° Avoid crisscrossing air ducts
° Provide adequate access to large
equipment that might have to be replaced.
 DUCT SIZES

° Duct sizes depend on the amount of air to

treated and the size of the room to be air
conditioned.
° Formula: A = Delivery rate

V
Where A = cross sectional area in sq.m.
D.R=delivery rate in m^3/sec.
V =air velocity in m/s.
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° 


°
 

° 
° 

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° These ducts provide more flexibility in layout.

° Although round ducts are preferable they require

clearances that are not always available.
° These ducts require
least volume and
material but has the
greatest depth
 



p

° Ratio of short to long

side should not exceed
1:5
because the resulting
high air flow friction air
flow requires the duct
to have excessively
large areas and
perimeters
° Most popular.
 




p

° These ducts are for

positive pressure
applications only
unless special designs
are used.
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° The different materials used for ducts

systems can substantially affect the overall
performance of the systems.
° Galvanized steel
° Uncoated carbon steel
° Aluminum
° Fiber glass reinforced plastic
° copper
° polyvinyl steel
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° These ducts are
inherently strong &
rigid.
° They are the most
efficient & economical
ducts.
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p
° Unnecessary length, offsetting and compression of
these ducts significantly increase airflow resistance.
° These should be kept as short and straight as
possible, fully extended and supported to minimize
sagging.
 
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`
° The operating pressure conveyed in the air
stream is the primary parameter that determines
a duct system's construction method and
material.
° Ductwork ranges from light gauge galvanized
steel for low pressure,
° thick--walled stainless steel for high negative
thick
pressure,
° minus 30 water gauge and more, to convey
corrosive gases and abrasive materials.
 p`
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° To minimize the space required ducts should be

co--ordinated with beams
co
 
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° The overall design of the building and structural

and mechanical system elements govern the
ultimate layout of each duct system.
° Generally, ductwork is concealed above drop-
drop-
down ceilings, in mechanical rooms, and in
vertical cases that allow duct and other
mechanical systems to pass unseen through wall
divisions and between floors.

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p
 

`
° Ducts may collect moisture , which can harbor or
transport microbial contaminants.
° Ducts should be designed, constructed and
maintained to minimize growth and dissemination of
micro--organisms.
micro

°  
° Providing access for cleaning
° Providing proper filtration
° Preventing moisture and dirt accumulation
 




° The impact of duct leakage depends on

duct location, length, design, and
pressure.
° When duct is located in the conditioned
space leakage is less than when duct is
located outside of conditioned areas.
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Connection
between primary
Right angle turn and secondary duct

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To hang & support ducts

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`

FLEXIBLE MATERIAL
IS USED TO REDUSE
THE VIBRATIONS
COMING FROM A.H.U
 
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`
° Such insulation must be vapor sealed, i.e. sealed
against ingress of atmospheric air otherwise the
insulation will become water logged and useless.
° Transmission of heat through bare metal duct walls
varies according to air velocity.
° Materials for duct insulation, internal and external to
the duct must not support fire.
° Some suitable materials are glass fiber, mineral wool
and polyurethane.
 
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`
° To prevent condensation, a vapor barrier must
be on the outside of the insulation.
° For noise control, the insulation must be
exposed to the air stream.
 
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`

° At least 2 inches must be added to the

height and width when duct insulation is
used.
° It is required for 3 reasons;

1- to reduce heat gain or loss.

2- to prevent condensation.
3- to control noise.
 The effect of insulation is to reduce the loss such
that air velocity in the duct affects the U value only
to a minor extent.

° The gain or loss of temperature in air conveyed in a

length of duct may for practical purpose be calculated
from the following:
H-=PLU delta t
Where,
H= heat loss or gain
P= perimeter of duct
L= length of duct
U= thermal transmittance of bare/insulated duct
delta t= mean temperature differences between
inside/outside of duct
 
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`
° Ducts can be sealed using a variety of
techniques and materials including tapes,
mastics and aerosols.
° Standard cloth tapes should never be used to
seal due to their poor durability

p
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j

° Duct systems, unless properly designed,

will act as large speaker tubes and
transmit noise throughout the building.
° The direction of airflow has little effect
on the transmission of noise.

 
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° SYMBIOSIS COLLEGE.

Y