1

ON THE TOPIC
EDUCATION AS THE SOCIAL
INSTITUTIONS
By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018
 Social institutions are established sets of norms and
subsystems that support each society's survival.
 Each sector carries out certain tasks and has different
responsibilities that contribute to the overall
functioning and stability of a society.

By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 2

 Social Institutions

Micro-Social Macro-Social
Institutions Institutions

• Family • Religion
• Marriage • Education
• Kinship • Polity

By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 3

 Social Institutions

 Education is the process of facilitating learning,

or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values,
beliefs, and habits.
 Etymologically, the word education is derived
from the Latin word “educare” meaning
breeding, a upbringing, a rearing.

By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 4

 Views of Different Sociologist

 Emile Durkheim says “ For each society, education

is the means by which it secures, in the children,
the essential conditions of its own existence.”
 Max Weber says, “education provides the
mechanism to make a choice among people for the
position they hold at workplace”

By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 5

 Education and Different Other
Perspectives
Macro-Perspective
Functionalism Conflict Perspective

Rationalism Post Modernism

Micro-Perspective

Symbolic Interactionism
By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 6
 Functionalism

 Emile Durkheim says, “School is a society in

miniature, it also serves to teach socialization”
 Formal and Hidden curriculum
 Robert K. Morten has defined Latent and manifest
functions
 Values and norms- “value consensus”

By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 7

 Functionalism

Emile Durkheim and other functionalist points out

the major role of education as:
Creating social solidarity
Learning specialist skills for work
Teaching core values
Role allocation and meritocracy

By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 8

 Conflict Perspective
 Conflict theory is rooted in Marxism
 “The History of hitherto existing society is the
result of class struggle.” (From: Communist
Manifesto)
 Focus is how inequalities contribute to social
differences
 The Proletariat - working class (oppressed) and the
Bourgeoisie - capitalists (oppressors)

By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 9

 Conflict Perspective
 Education is seen as maintaining power structures
 Public, secondary schools are funded to maintain
inequality.
Conflict theorists see the education system as:
 Contributing to perpetuation of poverty
 Dominating of poor and minorities
 Maintaining social inequality
 Preservation of power for those already in power

By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 10

 Conflict Perspective
 Conflict theorists examine the same functions of
education as functionalist. But they do not arrive at
the same conclusion.
 It rejects the functional view point of meritocracy
and puts ideas towards socio-economic status of
people by education.
 From the view of Marx, “Rich even purchase the
quality of education ensuing yawning gap between
the haves and haves not”

By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 11

 Rationalism
 Rationalism is the theory based in the ideology of
Max Weber,
 Rationalism is neither totally inclined towards
functionalism nor conflict perspective,
 According to Rationalism, “Education helps in the
rational placement, highly educated are placed in
intellectual task while less educated are placed in
routine task.”
 Education creates stratification according to
capability.

By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 12

 Interpretivism
 Interpretivist focuses on micro-interactions; not a
macro perspectives.
 It studies individuals not social structure.
 This approach views reality as something
subjective and based on meanings and
understanding rather than predictions.
 Interpretivist do not offer large theories instead,
they look to specific cultures in each school.

By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 13

 Postmodernism
 Postmodernism is based on the view that society
has entered a new phase.
 Education is moving towards education being
customized for the individual
 According to postmodernist,
 Education is controlled by communities
 Diverse and customized
 Flexible (Distance Learning)
 Lifelong Learning
By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 14
 Major Types of Educational
System
 Formal Education
 Informal Education

By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 15

 Formal Education System

 The process of being formally educated at a school.

 Act or process of imparting knowledge, especially at a school,
college or university.
 Skill and knowledge is inculcated to them for their recognition and
livelihood.
 Tribhuvan University education is a formal educational system.

By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 16

 Informal Education
 The truly lifelong process whereby every individual
acquires attitudes, values, skills and knowledge from daily
experiences and the educative influences and resources in
his or her environment- from family and neighbors, from
work and play, from the market place, the library and the
mass media.

By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 17

 In Nepalese Context

 Government owned educational system

 Community based educational system

 Private based educational system

By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 18

Government Owned Educational
System
 State owned academia established in order to
provide education to its citizens.
 Investment of budget for its operation.
 Fixed working procedures, rules and
regulation in operating activities.
 Government recruits the human resource for
teaching learning process.
 Example: TU

By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 19

 Community Based Educational
System
 It is similar to semi-government.
 Government does not directly invest in it but
helps in need.
 There is no provision of profit making .
 Example:
─Samata School run by Uttam Sanjel
─Kanya Campus of Dilli bajar
─Mahendrs Adarsha H.S.S of Gyaneshowr
By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 20
Private Based Educational System

 State permits to run the academic institutions to the educationalist

 Private hands run the institution by investing the amount
themselves.
 Profit oriented organizations.
 Positive aspects: provides education with responsibility along with
competitive spirit.
 Negative aspect: directed towards earning excessive profit in the
quality education.

By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 21

 Functions of Education

1. High social mobility

2. Fosters social progress and prosperity
3. Helps to complete Socialization processes
4. Transmits the national heritage
5. Helps to reform attitudes and behavior for complete
personality
6. Provides skill as an agent of livelihood
7. Education acts as Integrative force
8. Strengthens democracy and democratizing
9. It is an Agent of social transmission

By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 22

 Education and other components

1. Education and Social Process

2. Education and Social Stratification
3. Education and Social Change
4. Education and Social Deviance and Control
5. Education and Suicide
6. Education and Placement

By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 23

 Education and Social Process
 Social processes are the ways in which individuals
and groups interact, adjust and readjust and
establish relationships and pattern of behavior
which are again modified through social
interactions.
 Education helps in social process as it fastens the
process of socialization.
 Education helps in easy adjustment towards
environmental circumstances.

By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 24

Education and Social Stratification
 Stratification is a process of interaction or
differentiation whereby some people come to rank
higher than others.
 Education influences social stratification,
 Functionalists verdict that education helps in
stratification as enlightened person is placed in higher
class and vice-versa
 Conflict perspective claims that education brings gap
between class.

By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 25

 Education and Social Stratification

Functionalist
Rationalism
Conflict Perspective
evinces
advocatetheeducation
uphold
conceptthe
that:
for :
Creating
Educationsocial
makes
concept
solidarity
itthat:
easy for rational
Learning
Education
placement. specialist
createsskills
yawning
for work gap
Teaching
People classes
between are
core
placed
valuesaccording to skill
Role
Rich
they possess.
allocation
even buy quality
and meritocracy
of education

By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 26

 Education and Social Change
 Social change refers to any significant alteration over
time in behavior patterns and cultural values and
norms.
 Social change is unpredictable and the direction of
change cannot be predicted. Social change may be fast
or slow,
 Education brings about positive change in society or
making change faster,
 Education brought about technological advancement.

By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 27

Education and Social Deviance and
Control
 Deviance describes an action or behavior that
violates social norms, including a formally enacted rule
(e.g., crime), as well as informal violations of social
norms (e.g., rejecting folkways and mores).
 Education enlightens people and guides them to be
righteous and make better decision that is beneficial for
entire society.
 Education increases cooperation, and reconciliation.

By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 28

 Education and Suicide
 According to Durkheim in his famous book Suicide
(1897), “The higher the education level, the more
likely it was that an individual would choose suicide.
However, Durkheim established that there is more
correlation between an individual's religion and suicide
rate than an individual's education level.”

By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 29

 Education and Placement
 According to Rationalism, “Education helps in rational
placement in according to their competence”.
 Highly intellectual and learned people are placed in
more responsible tasks and less skilled people are
placed in routine tasks.
 Education assists in allocation and rational placement.

By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 30

 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 http://sparkcharts.sparknotes.com/gensci/sociology/sec
tion9.php
 http://oppimateriaalit.jamk.fi/edusociety/4-education-
culture-and-society/sociological-theories/
 http://www.indypl.org/strategicplan/tf5_InformalEdu.h
tml
 https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boun
dless-sociology-textbook/education-13/

By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 31

 ANY QUERIES!!!

THANK YOU!!!

By: Mira Sakha 7/9/2018 32