Substation Bus Bar

Configuration

Electrical Maintenance Team

 Defenisi
•British Standard 162: 1961, says substation is a
term covering switching devices, including control
system device, metering device, protection device
and interconnection device related to it.
•Bus Bar arrangement is a combination of Bus and
Circuit Breaker. Normally in Switchyard, Bus are
made of hollow tubular aluminum called IPS Tubes
(here IPS stands for Iron Pipe Size, a code for
selection of tubes).
 Type of busbar configuration
In Switchyard different Bus Bar configurations are
used for evacuation of power generated:
• Single Bus Configuration
• Double Bus Single Breaker
• Double Bus Double Breaker
• Main Bus with Transfer Bus
• Double Busbar Triple Breaker (1½ Breaker
System)
• Ring Bus
1.Single Bus Configuration
 1.Single Bus Configuration
• As the name implies, this substation configuration consists of all
circuits connected to a single bus. A fault on the bus or between the bus
and circuit breaker will result in an outage of the entire bus or substation.
Failure of a single circuit breaker will also result in an outage of the entire
bus.
• Maintenance of any circuit breaker requires shutdown of
the corresponding circuit/lineand maintenance of the bus requires
a complete shutdown of the bus. A bypass switchacross the breaker
should be used for maintenance of the corresponding breaker. Circuit
protection is disabled in this case.
• The single bus substation configuration is the simplest and least
expensive of all configurations. This configuration requires less
installation area and it can be easily expanded. Single bus configurations
are not considered reliable systems and they should only be implemented
in substations where high reliability is not required, such as large
transmission yards. Reliability and availability of this system can
be improved by expanding and sectionalizing the bus.
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2.Double Bus Single Breaker

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 2.Double Bus Single Breaker
• Substations utilizing this configuration are
supplied with two busses. Each circuit is
equipped with a single breaker and is connected
to both buses using isolators.
• A tie breaker connects both main buses and
is normally closed, allowing for more flexibility in
operation. For this condition, a selective
protection relay will be needed to avoid total
outage during if fault happened in one of the bus.
• A fault on one bus requires isolation of the bus
while the circuits are fed from the opposite bus.
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3.Double Bus Double Breaker
 3.Double Bus Double Breaker
• This configuration utilizes two buses and two breakers per
circuit. Both buses are normally energized and any
circuit can be removed for maintenance without an
outageon the corresponding circuit. Failure of one of the
two buses will not interrupt a circuit because all of the
circuits can be fed from the remaining bus and isolating the
failed bus.
• Load balancing between buses can be achieved
by shifting circuits from one bus to the other.
• Substations with the double bus double breaker
arrangement require twice the equipment as the single bus
scheme but are highly reliable.

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4.Main Bus With Transfer Bus
 4. Main Bus with Transer Bus
• In this arrangement one or more busses is added to the single bus
substation scheme. One or more circuit breakers may be used in this
arrangement to make connections between the main and transfer bus.
When no Tie CB is present, for maintenance of a circuit breaker ,
the transfer bus is energized by closing the isolator switches to the
transfer bus. Then the circuit breaker to be maintained is opened
and isolated on both sides. Circuit protection will be disabled in this
maintenance arrangement.
• When a tie circuit breaker is present, circuit breaker maintenance is
achieved by closing the tie breaker. The transfer bus is energized and
the isolator nearest the transfer bus of the breaker to be maintained is
closed. The circuit breaker to be maintained is now opened, isolated
and removed for maintenance. The circuit under maintenance
is transferred to the transfer bus.
• The switching procedure is complicated for maintenance of any circuit
breaker. Failure of a breaker or fault on the bus results in an outage of
the whole substation.
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5. Double Busbar Triple Breaker (1½
Breaker System)
 5. Double Busbar Triple Breaker (1½
Breaker System)
• In the figure above, CB stands for Circuit Breaker, LA for Lightening
Arrestor, ES for Earth Switch and DS for Disconnect Switch also
called Isolator.
• One bay of three breakers is called Diagonal in One and Half
Breaker Scheme. In the figure, thus two Diagonals are shown. A
feeder is connected in between the two Breakers CB-A and CB-C &
CB-B and CB-C. Notice that three Breakers are used in this scheme
to protect two Feeders and therefore it is called 3/2 i.e. One and
Half Breaker scheme.
• In One and Half Breaker Scheme, three breakers are connected
between the two buses. Each Breaker is provided with two Isolators
and two Earth Switches. These Isolators are provided to physically
isolate the Circuit Breaker for maintenance. Earth Switch ES is
provided to ensure that isolated portion is effectively earthed. Earth
Switch shall be closed after the opening of Isolator.
 5. Double Busbar Triple Breaker (1½
Breaker System)
• Case 1: Let us assume a fault in any one feeder say in Feeder-1. In
this case protection shall open the CB-A and CB-C & send Direct Trip
signal to the Remote station through PLCC to isolate the fault. Mind
that even though CB-A and CB-C are open, Feeder-2 is still in service
and fed by Bus-2. Thus One and Half Breaker scheme increases the
reliability of Power System.
• Case 2: Let us assume that, we need to take maintenance of CB-B of
Diagonal-1. So we will open the Breaker CB-B and will isolate it by
opening Isolators and closing Earth Switch ES. Again, notice that
none of the feeder will be out of service rather Feeder-2 will be fed
through CB-A and CB-C. The most important advantage of this
scheme is that you can take one Bus out for maintenance without
interrupting power supply in Feeders.
 5. Double Busbar Triple Breaker (1½
Breaker System)
Advantages of One and Half Breaker Scheme are as follows.
• Its high security against loss of power supply to feeders which makes it
particularly suitable for Switchyard associated with generating Stations
and those in which large quantum of power is handled through individual
circuits. This involves minimum outage for maintenance.
• Either bus may be taken out any time without loss of service to the
feeders. Maintenance of more than one breaker is possible without any
loss of service. In this system no isolator operation is required for changing
over from one bus to other, as all three breakers remain closed under
normal operation.
• In case of bus fault, power supply to the connected feeders continues
from the other bus with no power interruption required for isolation of
the faulty bus. This advantage is not available with Two Main and Transfer
Bus Scheme as in case of a bus fault all associated breakers will trip
resulting in interruption of power supply to affected feeders. However,
failure of center breaker only reduces the flexibility of uninterrupted
changeover of feeders from one bus to the other.
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6. Ring Bus Configuration
 6. Ring Bus Configuration
• In the ring bus configuration, as the name implies,
the circuit breakers are connected to form a ring, with
isolators on both sides of each breaker. Circuits
terminate between the breakers and each circuit is fed
from both sides. Any of the circuit breakers can
be opened and isolated for maintenance without
interruption of service.
• This scheme has good operational flexibility and high
reliability. If a fault occurs in this configuration, it
is isolated by tripping a breaker on both sides of the
circuit. By tripping two breakers, only the faulted
circuit is isolated while all the other circuits remain in
service.
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Thanks for your attention