ENTROPY

• INTRODUCTION TO ENTROPY
• THE PROPERTY OF ENTROPY
• ENTROPY CHANGE IN IRREVERSIBLE
PROCESS
• ENTROPY PRINCIPLE
• APPLICATION OF ENTROPY PRINCIPLE
INTRODUCTION TO “ENTROPY”

 The word “entropy” is a greek originated word

which combine the word “energy” and “tropos”
which means turning point
INTRODUCTION TO “ENTROPY”

 Concept of entropy comes from a principle of

thermodynamics dealing with energy. It usually
refers to idea that everything in the universe
eventually moves from order to disorder, and
entropy is the measurement of that change.
 Physicist use entropy to measure the amount of disorder
in a physical system.
 Entropy can be considered as the degree of randomness
in a message.
INTRODUCTION TO “ENTROPY”
INTRODUCTION TO “ENTROPY”
INTRODUCTION TO “ENTROPY”

 Law of entropy
 Entropy of an isolated system always increases
 Entropy can be created by cannot be destroyed

 Unit of entropy
 Entropy (S)=Joules per kelvin (J/K)
 Clausius is also gives the relation between the units

 Can be calculated from:

CLAUSIUS INEQUALITY

 The Clausius Theorem or Clausius inequalities is

stated as:
dQ
 T 0
 That is, the cyclic integral of dQ/T is always less than
or equal to zero. This inequalities is valid for all
cycles (reversible or irreversible)
CLAUSIUS INEQUALITY

 The inequalities of Clausius provides the criterion of

the reversibility of a cycle which:

The cycle is reversible

The cycle is irreversible

and possible

The cycle is impossible

• As the second law is violated
ENTROPY CHANGE IN AN
IRREVERSIBLE PROCESS
 Says, A and B are reversible process and C is an
irreversible process.
ENTROPY PRINCIPLE

 For irreversible process

 Entropy of an isolated system can never decrease
 Entropy of an isolated system always increase

 For reversible process

 Entropy for reversible process always remains constant
EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION OF
ENTROPY PRINCIPLE
1. Transfer of heat through a finite temperature
difference
2. Mixing of two fluids
3. Maximum work obtainable from two finite bodies
at temperature T1 and T2
4. Maximum work obtainable from a finite body and
thermal energy reservoir
APPLICATION OF ENTROPY
PRINCIPLE
1. Transfer of heat through a finite temperature
difference
 Says Q is the rate of heat transfer from reservoir A at
T1 to reservoir B at T2. Noted that T1>T2.
 For reservoir A, entropy change is negative because
heat Q flows out of the reservoir. For reservoir B,
entropy is positive because heat flows into the
reservoir.
For isolated system comprising the reservoirs and the rod, and since entropy
is an additive property:
APPLICATION OF ENTROPY
PRINCIPLE
2. Mixing of two fluids

 Subsystem 1 having a fluid of mass m1, specific heat c1

and temperature t1.
 Subsystem 2 having fluid mass m2, specific heat c2, and
temperature t2.
 When the partition is removed, the two fluids mix
together, and at equilibrium let tf be the final
temperature, and t2<tf<t1. Since energy interaction
is exclusively confined to the two fluids, the system
being isolated
ENTROPY CHANGE

 General case of change of entropy of a gas:

PROBLEM 7.1

 2kg of water at 800C are mixed adiabatically with

3kg of water at 300C in a constant pressure process
of 1atm. Find the increase in entropy of the total
mass of water due to the mixing process.
(take cp of water as 4.187 kJ/kg K)