POLYGONS

Definition
• Polygon is a closed figure which is the union of
segments, such that:
1.these segments called their sides are non
collinear;
2.each segment or side intersects two other
sides only at their endpoints, called their
vertices.
• Convex Polygon-
contains every line segment drawn through any two
of the points on its plane.

• Nonconvex Polygon- Concave Polygon

Regular Polygon
• A polygon is regular if:
1.it is convex;
2.all its angles are congruent.
*All regular polygons are equiangular and equilateral.
Diagonal
• A segment whose endpoints are two non
consecutive vertices of a polygon
Names of Polygons (n-gons)
Number of Sides Name

3 Trigon
4 Quadragon/Tetragon
5 Pentagon
6 Hexagon
7 Heptagon
8 Octagon
9 Nonagon
10 Decagon
11 Undecagon
12 Dodecagon
Triangles
A triangle is the union of three segments joining
three non collinear points. I
Types of Triangle
Acute Scalene
Right Isosceles
Obtuse Equilateral B G
Special Segments in a Triangle
• Median
A median of a triangle is a segment from a vertex
to the midpoint of the opposite side.
O

T A

S C P
Special Segments in a Triangle
• Altitude
An altitude of a triangle is a segment from a vertex
perpendicular to the line containing the opposite
side.
E

S Y X
Quadrilaterals
• A polygon with four sides. Each side of a
quadrilateral is a segment that intersects exactly
two others, one at each endpoint.

T E

S F
 Classification of Quadrilaterals
• Trapezium
has no parallel sides.

• Trapezoid
has exactly one pair of parallel sides.

• Parallelogram
has two pairs of parallel sides.
Trapezoid
O V

L E
Special Parallelograms
T E I O O M

S F Z N R Z
Regular Number of Number of Sum of the
Polygon Sides Triangles Interior Angles
Triangle 3 1 1(180)=180
Quadrilateral 4 2 2(180)=360
Pentagon 5 3 3(180)=540
Hexagon 6 4 4(180)=720
Heptagon 7 5 5(180)=900
Octagon 8 6 6(180)=1080

If a convex polygon has n sides and S is the sum

of the measures of its interior angles, then
S = (n – 2)180.
• Find the sum of the measures of the interior
angles of a: a) decagon;b) 15-gon.
a) S = (n – 2)180 b) S = (n – 2)180
S = (10 – 2)180 S = (15 – 2)180
S = (8)180 S = (13)180
S = 1440 S = 2340
PERIMETER,AREA AND VOLUME
 PERIMETER
distance around the polygon.
Find the perimeter of each figure.
12cm
13cm 7cm 8cm 10cm

11cm 16cm
P=31cm P=46cm
 Perimeter
• Triangle
P=a+b+c
• Quadrilateral
P=a+b+c+d
• Square/Rhombus
P=4s
• Rectangle
P=2L+2W
 AREA
• region bounded by the perimeter.
 AREA OF QUADRILATERALS AND
TRIANGLES
• Area of a Parallelogram : A = bh
• Area of a Rectangle : A = LW
• Area of a Square : A = s2
• Area of a Trapezoid : A = 1/2 h(b1 + b2 )
• Area of a Triangle : A = 1/2 bh
Examples:
• Find the area and perimeter of rectangle ACDF
if FD = 14m and BE = 6m.
A B C
Perimeter of ACDF=
2(14) + 2(6)
F E D Perimeter of
Area of ACDF= (14) (6) ACDF = 40m
Area of ACDF= 84 sq.m
• If a rectangle has a height of 3x – 5 m,and base of
x + 10m and area is 98 sq.m., find its dimensions.

A = bh b= x+10 =14
98 = ( x+ 10) (3x – 5) h= 3x – 5 = 7
98 = 3x2 +30x – 5x – 50
3x2 +25x – 50 – 98=0
3x2 + 25x – 148 = 0
(3x + 37) (x – 4) = 0
x=4
• Find AC and FD if FD is 3 less than twice AC, BE is
6cm and the area of the trapezoid ACDF is 90cm.
Let x = AC = 11 cm
2x – 3 = FD = 19 cm
A = ½ h(b1+ b2 ) A B C
BE(AC + FD)
90 =
2
90 = 6 (x + 2x – 3)
2
90= 3(3x – 3) F E D
9x – 9 = 90
x = 11
Circle
set of points which are equidistant to a fixed point
called the center.

C =2r
C = d
A =r2

Terms Related to Circle:
A
1.Circumference
2.Radius
3.Diameter
 t
4.Chord
5.Tangent Line
6. Secant Line
F C
 D

s
7.Sector
8.Central Angle G

H E B
 Volumes & Surface Area
• Rectangular solid:

V = LWH
SA = 2(LW + LH + HW) s
• L: the length of the rectangular solid
• W: the width of the rectangular solid
• H: the height of the rectangular solid
• Cube:
V = s3 S = 6s2
• s: the length of an edge of the cube
 Volumes & Surface Area
• Cylinder: r

V =  r2h h

SA = 2 r2 + 2 rh

r: the radius of the circular base of the cylinder

h: the height of the cylinder
 Volumes & Surface Area
• Right Circular Cone:

V =1/3  r2h h
r
SA = 2r2+(2r)(√h2+r2)

r: the radius of the circular base of the cone

h: the height of the cone
 Volumes & Surface Area
• Pyramid:

V = 1 Bh
3
SA = s2+ 2s ℓ

h: the altitude or height of the pyramid

B: the area of the base of the pyramid
ℓ: slant height
s: length of the side
 Volumes & Surface Area
• Prism:

V = Bh

h: the altitude or height of the prism

B: the area of the base of the prism
 Volumes & Surface Area
• Sphere:

V = 4 r3
3
SA= 4r2

r: the radius of the sphere

Example :
• 1. Suppose a water tank in the shape of a right
circular cylinder is thirty feet long and eight
feet in diameter. How much sheet metal was
used in its construction?

h = 30 ft r2 + 2 rh + r2

r = 4 ft 2r2 + 2 rh
2 (4)2 + 2(4)(30)
32 + 240
= 272 ft.
• 2. A piece of 16-gauge copper wire 42 cm long
is bent into the shape of a rectangle whose
width is twice its length. Find the dimensions
of the rectangle.
P = 42 cm P = 2W + 2L
W = 2L 42 = 2(2L) + 2L
6L = 42
L = 7cm
W = 14 cm