Lesson 15:

Stomach and Intestine

Review:

1. What are the different kinds of bones

in our body?
2. What is a joint?
3. What is a hinge joint?
4. What is a pivot joint?
5. What is a ball-and –socket joint?
6. What are the different diseases that
affects our bones?
Engagement:
1. What are the people in the picture doing?

2. Why do we need food ?

3. What will happen if we will not eat for a
day?
4. What do we usually eat during breakfast?
Lunch? Dinner?
5. What do you think will happen to the food
you have the eaten as its gets inside your
mouth?
6. Are the food you have eaten directly get
inside the different parts of your body?
7. What happens if we do not have enough
nutrients because we do not eat?
Exploration:

1.Divide the class into groups.

2.Do Lesson 15: LM Activity 1-
“How is food digested in the
stomach?”
3. Guide the pupils as they
perform the activity.
1.Explanation:
What happened to the biscuits, flour
and other food after shaking the re-
sealable bag?
2. Have you eaten your meal today?
3. Where do you think these food go
after you have swallowed it?
4. The stomach is similar to the bag in
your activity. How are they similar?
5. Will the food stay in the stomach?
6. What will happen to the food?
7. What happens after the food is
broken down into smaller pieces?
1. What went
Exploration: through the paper towel?
2. This even also occurs in our
intestines. Describe the materials that
went through the paper towel.
3. What will happen to the liquid
materials?
4. Why are there residues left in the
paper towel?
5. What will happen to those that did
not go through the paper towel?
6. Which organ is similar to the paper
towel?
 Elaboration:

Digestion in the Stomach and in the Small Intestine

The food we eat gives us energy to work
and play. Without food, the other parts of the
body like bones and muscles and the internal
organs do not have energy to function.
However, before our body can make use of
any food that is eaten, it must be broken
down into liquid form into smaller nutrients.
The process by which food is broken down
into nutrients is called digestion.
 Digestion takes place as soon as we start to
chew our food. The tongue, lips, and cheeks
move the food between the teeth to break it
down into small pieces. Saliva from the
salivary glands mixes with the food to soften
it. Saliva also kills bacteria and breaks down
starches into sugars. So digestion of starches
starts in the mouth. Moist chewed food from
the mouth goes down to stomach.
particles. The stomach is a large organ that is lined
with layers of muscles. As the muscles contract and
relax, food in the stomach is squeezed, twisted and
churned. While the food is being physically changed
in the stomach, digestive enzymes and juices are
also combined to change it into nutrients. The
process of digestion is both mechanical and
chemical. The mechanical part breaks down food
into small bits by chewing of food in the mouth and
squeezing of food particles in the stomach. The
chemical part of digestion is the mixing of food
particles with chemicals in the saliva and stomach
which changes it into nutrients that can be absorbed
by the body.
Small Intestine – Is about 2.5 cm wide and
7m long coiled tube where food is finally
digested and absorbed. The walls of the
small intestine are made of muscles that
squeeze food and continuously move it. It
contains digestive juices and other enzymes
that help break the food into nutrients. Thus,
final digestion takes place in the small
intestine. The nutrients are then absorbed
by the small intestines then go into your
blood stream. The blood carries these
nutrients to the different parts of the body.
Exploration:

1.Divide the class into groups.

2.Do Lesson 15: LM Activity 1-
“How is food digested in the
stomach?”
3. Guide the pupils as they
perform the activity.
Elaboration:

1. List down names of foods that you usually

eat in school.
2. What parts of the body change the food
we eat before it will be absorbed by our
body cells?
3. What should be done to the food you eat
before it can used by the body for growth?
4. How would you help your stomach and
small intestine work properly?
 Engagement:

Why do you think is the girl pressing her stomach?

What do you think are the possible causes why
she has stomach ache?
Exploration:

1. Divide the class into groups .

2. Do Lesson 15: Activity 3- “What are
the common problems related to
digestion?”
3. Do Lesson 15: Activity 4 – “What are
the treatments for the common
problems related to digestion?”
4. Let each group answer all the
questions in their assigned activity.
5. Guide the pupils as they perform the
activity.
 Ailments Names Number

Hyperacidity

Diarrhea

Constipation

Appendicitis

Stomach ache

Total number of classmates who have suffered from

problems related to digestion.
Explanation:

1. In your class what is the most common digestive problem?

2. What are the common problems related to eating dirty food?

3. What are the common problems related to drinking dirty water?

4. What are the common ailments caused by tension and fear?

1. What are the common diseases related to stomach and
intestine?

2. What causes hyperacidity?

3. How can you prevent constipation?

4. Why should people suffering from diarrhea be given medication
right away?

5. What should be done to avoid ailments related to digestion?

6. What food are you going to eat to keep your body healthy?
Elaboration:

Common Ailments Related to Digestion

Ulcer/Hyperacidity – caused by not eating on time,
too much intake of acidic drinks and food
Diarrhea – frequent moving of the bowel with
watery stool
Constipation – difficult elimination of dry and hard
stool or feces
Appendicitis – inflammation of the appendix caused
by irritation from undigested food that may block it
Indigestion – caused by too much or rapid eating or
drinking
Gastroenteritis – caused by bacterial infection from
taking contaminated food and water
 Common Ailments Related to Digestion
Ailments Symptoms Causes Treatment
Ulcer/Hyperacidit -Gastric -Not eating on -Eat regularly and on
y pain time time
-heartburn -too much intake -avoid eating acidic
of acidic drinks food
and food - avoid drinking liquor
and acidic drinks
- eat a balanced diet
Diarrhea -Stomach -Infection in the -Drink plenty of water
ache intestines by and juices to prevent
- watery microorganism from loss of water in
feces - irregular the body
- Severe contraction of -Eat soft food during
cases lead the intestines the onset of the
to loss of ailment
water In the -Proper hygiene
body prevents the disease
(dehydratio - Proper handling of
n) food
 Common Ailments Related to Digestion
Ailments Symptoms Causes Treatment
Constipation -difficulty in -Lack of water -Drink plenty of water
bowel and fiber in food and juice
movement taken - Eat plenty of fruits and
(defecating) -Improper bowel vegetables
-heaviness in movements
the stomach - Poor hygiene
Appendicitis -Start with -Inflammation of -Get immediate medical
mild fever the appendix attention
accompanied
by vomiting
or
constipation
- Severe pain
around the
bellybutton