ELECTRICITY

Intoduction
Where Does the Word 'Electricity' Come From?
Electrons, electricity, electronic and other words that begin with "electr..." all
originate from the Greek word "elektor," meaning "beaming sun." In Greek,
"elektron" is the word for amber.
Amber is a very pretty goldish brown "stone" that sparkles orange and yellow in
sunlight. Amber is actually fossilized tree sap! It's the stuff used in the movie
"Jurassic Park." Millions of years ago insects got stuck in the tree sap. Small
insects which had bitten the dinosaurs, had blood with DNA from the dinosaurs in
the insect's bodies, which were now fossilized in the amber.
Ancient Greeks discovered that amber behaved oddly - like attracting feathers -
when rubbed by fur or other objects. They didn't know what it was that caused
this phenomenon. But the Greeks had discovered one of the first examples of
static electricity
The Latin word, electricus, means to "produce from amber by friction."
So, we get our English word electricity from Greek and Latin words that were
about amber.
 ELECTRICITY

MEASURING
ELECTROSTATIC ELECTRICITY
MAGNETISM

PARALLEL &
CURRENT, VOLTAGE SERIES ELECTROMAGNETISM
RESISTANCE
CIRCUITS

STATIC
PHENOMENA
CHARGES

PROPERTIES SAFETY
MEASURES
 ELECTRICITY

MEASURING
ELECTROSTATIC MAGNETISM
ELECTRICITY
PARALLEL &
CURRENT, VOLTAGE SERIES ELECTROMAGNETISM
CIRCUITS
RESISTANCE

FLOW OF
Ohm’s LAW
CURRENT &
ELECTRONS

RELATIONSHIP
 ELECTRICITY

ELECTROSTATIC MEASURING MAGNETISM

ELECTRICITY
CURRENT, VOLTAGE PARALLEL & ELECTROMAGNETISM
RESISTANCE SERIES
CIRCUITS

INSTRUMENTS
 ELECTRICITY

MEASURING
ELECTROSTATIC MAGNETISM
ELECTRICITY

CURRENT, VOLTAGE PARALLEL & ELECTROMAGNETISM

RESISTANCE
SERIES
CIRCUITS

CURRENT, ADVANTAGES
VOLTAGE & SIMILARITIES &
RESISTANCE & DISADVANTAGES
DIFFERENCES
 ELECTRICITY

MEASURING
ELECTROSTATIC
ELECTRICITY MAGNETISM

CURRENT, VOLTAGE PARALLEL &

ELECTROMAGNETISM
RESISTANCE SERIES
CIRCUITS

MAGNETIC
FIELD COMPASS

MAGNECTIC
FIELD LINES
 ELECTRICITY

MEASURING
ELECTROSTATIC MAGNETISM
ELECTRICITY

CURRENT, VOLTAGE PARALLEL & ELECTROMAGNETISM

RESISTANCE SERIES
CIRCUITS

ELECTROMAGNET
 Static Electricity
 The study of static electricity is
called ELECTROSTATICS.
 Static electricity is electrical charges
that is at rest or not moving.
 Produce in materials through friction
 2 types of static electric charges:
1. Positive charges
2. Negative charges
 Positivecharges: consists of protons.
Protons cannot move.
 Negative charges : consists of
electrons. Electrons transfer happens
when two different materials are
rubbed together.
• The type of charge that represents on a
rubbed polythene strip is called
negative charge (-). Polythene strip
gains extra electrons and becomes
negatively charged.

Woolen cloth
Polythene Strip Rubbing transfers electrons from cloth to polythene strip
• The type of charge that represents on a
rubbed glass rod is called positive
charge ( +). Glass rod loses electrons
and becomes positively charged.

Woolen cloth
Glass rod Rubbing transfers electrons from cellulose acetate to cloth
Characteristics of Static Electric Charges
1. Charges of the same type repel one
another.
2. Charges of different types attract one
another.
3. The repulsive force and attractive
force that exist between electrical
charges is called electrostatics force.
4. Electrostatic force on a charged
object causes an object without
charge to be attracted to it.
 Properties of static electric charges
Like charges repel and unlike charges attract

+ +

Repulsion Repulsion

Attraction
 The Detection Of Electrostatic Charge

Brass cap

insulator

The gold leaf will

gold leaf
diverge
when a charged
material touches the
metal cap

ELECTROSCOPE
 Everyday phenomena caused by
static electrical charges
1. Lightning
2. Spark plug
3. Oil tanker
4. Electronic lighter
5. aeroplane
Everyday Phenomena that is related to
Static Electrical charges

Lightning
 A huge spark of electricity occurs during a
thunderstorm.

 A thundercloud becomes highly charged.

 Positive charges gather at the top
while negative charges gather at the
bottom of the cloud.

 By electrostatic induction, a positive

charge is built up in the ground.

 Strong pulse of electric current suddenly

flows between the two opposite charges.
 Lightning occurs.
 Safety measures to overcome electrostatic hazards

negative charge

lightning conductor 1. A lightning conductor

helps to protect building
from being struck by
lightning.
2. The chain suspended
from the rear of a
gasoline truck carries
the sparks of static
electricity to the ground
positive charge
+

The phenomenon of lightning

 Test Yourself
 What is electrostatic?
 State the types of static electrical charges
 What are the properties of static electrical
charges?
 Explain briefly how static electrical charges can
be produced in some materials
 What are the instrument used to detect the
presence of static electrical charges?
 Give one example of everyday phenomena that
is related to the static electrical charges.
 Answer
1. Electrostatic is the study of static
charges.
2. Positive (proton) and negative (electron)
charges
3. It can attract uncharged particles. Like
charges repel and unlike charges attract.
4. Static electrical charges can be produced
by rubbing the materials with soft woolen
cloth or silk. For example, when
polythene is rubbed with woolen cloth, it
becomes negatively charged.
 Formation of lightning
 A glass window that was cleaned with a
dry cloth soon attracts dust.
 The screen of television attracts dust and
the hairs on your hand when you switch it
on.
 Electrostatic spraying is used to paint cars
and other objects
 Electricity

 Is a form of energy
 An electric current is the flow of electron or
the flow of electricity along a conductor.
 resistance
 Is a force that opposes the flow of an
electric current in a conductor.
 Voltage
 Voltage is the potential difference in volts
that give rise to a current flow.
 An electric current flows from the positive
terminal(+) to the negative terminal(-) of a
battery.
 Measuring electricity

Quantity instrument Unit

Current (I) Ammeter Ampere (A)

Voltage (V) Voltmeter Volt(V)

Resistance (R) - Ohm(Ω)