SPECIAL PRODUCTS

1. Recognize polynomials which are special products:

sum and difference of two terms and square of
binomials
2. Use special polynomial product patterns to multiply
two polynomials.
Properties of Exponents
1. Multiplying Powers with the Same Base
Property: When multiplying with the same base, add the exponents.
(xa) ( xb) = xa+b

2. Power of a Power Property

Property: To find the power of a power, multiply the exponents.
(xa)b = xab

3. Power of a Product Property

Property: To find the power of a product, find the power of each
factor and multiply.
(xy)a = xa ya
 Multiplication of polynomials

We can multiply polynomials in a vertical format like we would multiply

two numbers.

(X – 3)
(X – 2)
- 2X + 6
X2 - 3X___
X2 –5X + 6
Picture Analysis
REPEATING PATTERNS
Look at the patterns in each row. Fill in the blanks by drawing the
shapes that continue the pattern.
SPECIAL PRODUCTS
DEFINITION:

Special Product - is the process of finding

products by following patterns or rules.
RECALL:
Multiplication of polynomials is an application of the distributive
property. When you multiply two polynomials you distribute
each term of one polynomial to each term of the other
polynomial.

(x – 3)(x – 2) = x(x) + x(–2) + (–3)(x) + (–3)(–2) = x2 – 5x + 6

We can also multiply polynomials by using the FOIL pattern.

Here are more examples:

}
(x + 4)(x – 4) = x2 – 4x + 4x – 16 = x2 – 16

What do all of
(x + 3)(x – 3) = x2 – 3x + 3x – 9 = x2 – 9 these have in
common?
(5 – y)(5 + y) = 25 +5y – 5y – y2 = 25 – y2
 What do all of these
have in common?

x2 – 16 x2 – 9 25 – y2

They are all binomials.

They are all differences.

Both terms are perfect

squares.
1. PRODUCT OF THE SUM AND DIFFERENCE OF
TWO TERMS

For any two numbers a and b,

(a + b)(a – b) = a2 – b2.

difference of the squares of the two numbers.

 (x + 4)(x – 4) = x2 – 16 1. They are all
binomials.
(x + 3)(x – 3) = x2 – 9 2. They are all
(5 – y)(5 + y) = 25 – y2 differences.
3. They are both
squares.

Procedure:

1. Multiply the first terms.

2. Multiply the second terms
TRY THIS:
Find the Special Products Orally:

1. (2a + 3)(2a – 3) = 4a2 – 9

2. (4x+ 7)(4x – 7) = 16x2 – 49
3. (5c – d)(5c + d) = 25c2 – d2
2. PRODUCT OF THE SQUARE OF BINOMIALS

The other special product is formed by squaring a binomial.

(x + 4)2
(x – 6)2

(x + 4)2 = (x + 4)(x + 4) = x2 + 4x + 4x + 16 = x2 + 8x + 16
Whenever we square a binomial like this, the same pattern
always occurs.
(x + 4)2 = (x + 4)(x + 4) = x2 + 4x + 4x + 16 = x2 + 8x + 16

In the final product

See the
it is squared…
first term?

…and it appears in the middle term.

 Whenever we square a binomial like this, the same pattern
always occurs.
(x + 4)2 = (x + 4)(x + 4) = x2 + 4x + 4x + 16 = x2 + 8x + 16

What about the

second term?

The middle number is 2 times 4… …and the last

term is 4
squared.
 Whenever we square a binomial like this, the same pattern
always occurs.

(x + 4)2 = (x + 4)(x + 4) = x2 + 4x + 4x + 16 = x2 + 8x + 16

The square of a binomial consists of

1. The square of the first term
2. Twice the product of the first and last terms; and
3. The square of the last term

For two numbers a and b,

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
 Is it the same pattern if we are subtracting, as in the
expression (y – 6)2?

(y – 6)2 = (y – 6)(y – 6) = y2 – 6y – 6y + 36 = y2 – 12y + 36

It is almost the same. The y is squared, the 6 is squared and the
middle term is 2 times 6 times y. However, in this product the
middle term is subtracted. This is because we were subtracting in
the original binomial. Therefore our rule has only one small change
when we subtract.

For any two numbers a and b, (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2

Examples:
1. (x + 3)2 Remember: (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
= x2 + 2(3)(x) + 32
= x2 + 6x + 9

2. (z – 4)2 Remember: (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2

= z2 – 2(4)(z) + 42
= z2 – 8z + 16
TRY THIS:
Find the Special Products:

1. (3a + 3) 2 = 9a2 + 18a +9

2. (4x+ 5) 2 = 16x2 + 40x + 25
3. (5c – d) 2 = 25c2 – 10cd + d2
1. Product of the Sum and Difference of Two Terms
For any two numbers a and b, (a + b)(a – b) = a2 – b2.

2. Product of the Square of Binomial

For two numbers a and b, (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
For any two numbers a and b, (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
Activity: Gallery Walk

You will be divided into four groups. Each group

will work on each case given. You will find the
indicated product of the expressions that will be
handed to your group. Post your answers on
your group station. Then I will give you time to
walk around the classroom and observe the
answers of the other groups. Note the answer
that needs correction and post it on the board
in order to check.
 CASE 1 CASE 2

1. (m + 7)(m – 7) = 1. (3m + 4)(m – 3) =

2. (x + 4) (x + 4) = 2. (k + 6) (k + 6) =
3. (2x + 5)2 = 3. (3x + 2)2 =
4. (x – 2y)2 = 4. (x – y)2 =
5. (5m + 7)(5m – 7) = 5. (2b + 3)(2b – 3) =

CASE 3 CASE 4

1. (5t + 6)(t + 1) = 1. (3r + 2)(2r + 3) =

2. (w + 7) (w + 7) = 2. (w + 11) (w + 11) =
3. (3x + 9)2 = 3. (5x + 10)2 =
4. (x – 6)2 = 4. (x – 2)2 =
5. (10m + 4)(10m – 4) 5. (m + 8)(m – 8) =
Assignment:

Research on the remaining types of special

products:
1. Cube of a binomial
2. Square of a trinomial

Reference: Grade 8 Math Module 1, pp. 14 – 28