Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
ON
PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY
27th APRIL-6th MAY 2011
FOR
DELEGATES FROM SRILANKA
SPONSORED BY
MINISTRY OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
SRI LANKA
ORGANISED BY
PACKAGING OF PERISHABLES &
PROCESSED FOODS
INTRODUCTION TO FOOD PACKAGING - THE NEED
PRODUCT GROUPS - SPOILAGE FACTORS/PROTECTION
REQUIRED
PACKAGING REQUIREMENTS
COMPATIBILITY / SHELF –LIFE
FOOD PACKAGING SYSTEMS
- GAS FLUSHING
- VACUUM / MOULDED VACUUM PACKAGING
- CONTROLLED / MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE
PACKAGING
- ACTIVE PACKAGING
- RETORT PACKAGING
- ASEPTIC PACKAGING
SUMMARY/KEY POINTS
FOOD SPOILAGE, PRESERVATION
TECHNIQUES,
ROLE OF PACKAGING
FOOD
“ANY SUBSTANCE TAKEN INTO AND
ASSIMILATED BY A PLANT OR
ANIMAL TO KEEP IT ALIVE AND
ENABLE IT TO GROW AND REPAIR
TISSUE AND PROMOTE NOURISHMENT”
NECESSARY FOR
SURVIVAL - GROWTH - PHYSICAL ABILITY
GOOD HEALTH
FOOD SPOILAGE, PRESERVATION
TECHNIQUES,
ROLE OF PACKAGING
SOURCES OF FOOD
ANIMAL FOODS PLANT FOODS
MEAT & MEAT PRODUCTS CEREALS & PULSES
POULTRY VEGETABLES
EGGS FRUITS
MILK NUTS
SUGAR
OILS
FOOD PROCESSING
THERE ARE MANY WAYS THAT
WE CAN PRESERVE FOOD BUT
FIRST WE MUST UNDERSTAND
WHY
FOOD PROCESSING
WE PROCESS (PRESERVE) FOOD
TO
ENABLE US TO BE ABLE TO EAT FOOD
FROM ONE HARVEST UNTIL THE NEXT
TO ENABLE US TO DISTRIBUTE IT OVER
A WIDE AREA
TO KEEP IT FOR TIMES OF SHORTAGE
FOOD PROCESSING
PROCESSED FOOD IS NOW A
NECESSITY
AS MORE AND MORE PEOPLE
MOVE TO THE TOWNS AND ARE
NO LONGER ABLE TO SUPPORT
THEMSELVES BY GROWING THEIR
OWN FOOD
FOOD PROCESSING
PRODUCTION
PRESERVATION UNIT
DISTRIBUTION
PROTECTION BULK
MARKETING
PRESENTATION
AESTHETICS
MARKING
FOOD PACKAGING
WHY ?
FOOD PACKAGING IS CLOSELY ENTWINED
WITH THE PRODUCTION, PRESERVATION,
STORAGE AND MARKETING OF FOODS AND
THEREFORE FORMS AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE
PRODUCT
A PACKAGE PLAYS THE ROLE OF ENSURING
THAT THE PRODUCT REACHES THE CONSUMER IN
AN ATTRACTIVE AND CONVENIENT FORM
WITHOUT SPOILAGE OR CHANGES IN COLOUR,
FLAVOUR, TEXTURE AND THE NUTRITIVE VALUE
OF THE FOOD
THE NEED:
ADOPT PACKAGING TO CONSERVE AND
PRESERVE
PACKAGING - PART OF TOTAL SYSTEM
PACKAGING - INEFFECTIVE IN ISOLATION
PACKAGING - TO BE ECO-FRIENDLY
- REDUCE SOLID WASTE
BAR CODING
CONSUMER CONVENIENCE
MODULAR FOR SHELF - SPACE
STORAGE / WAREHOUSING
TRASPORTATION
EXTRINSIC FACTORS
PRIMARY PACKAGE
FOOD PRODUCT
INTRINSIC FACTORS
INGREDIENTS FORMULATION
PROCESSING STEPS
PRIMARY PACKAGE
EXTRINSIC FACTORS
FOOD SPOILAGE, PRESERVATION
TECHNIQUES,
ROLE OF PACKAGING
FOOD SPOILAGE
PHYSICAL
BIOLOGICAL
PRODUCT SPOILAGE FACTORS
PRODUCT FACTORS OF SPOILAGE
GROUND AND WHOLE SPICES - MOISTURE / CAKING
- LOSS OF AROMA/FLAVOUR
- DISCOLOURATION
- INSECT ATTACK/MOLD GROWTH
TEA - MOISTURE - LEADING TO MOLD
GROWTH/FERMENTATION
- PREVENT EVAPORATION OF
AROMA/FLAVOUR LOSSES
- PICK-UP OF FOREIGN ODOURS
COFFEE (GROUND COFFEE - LOSS OF AROMA/FLAVOUR DUE
AND COFFEE BEANS) TO LOSS OF ESSENTIAL OILS
- RANCIDIFICATION DUE TO O2
- EVOLUTION OF CO2 GAS FROM
ROASTED BEANS
- MOISTURE ABSORBTION
PRODUCT SPOILAGE FACTORS
PRODUCT FACTORS OF SPOILAGE
MILK (LIQUID) - ENZYMATIC & OXIDATIVE
RANCIDITY, HYDROLYTIC
RANCIDITY & OFF FLAVOUR,
- LIGHT AND HEAT EFFECT ON
VITAMIN C CONTENT
BACTERIAL DETERIORATION
• METHOD OF DISTRIBUTION
MODE OF TRANSPORT TO VARIOUS DESTINATIONS
HANDLING AND CLIMATIC HAZARDS
UNIT LOAD DEVICES
• MARKETING CONSIDERATIONS
SALES APPEAL
DISPENSING DEVICES
DECORATION
• COST FACTOR
OVERALL COST
• DISPOSABILITY
PACKAGING
INNER OUTER
*PRIMARY PACK *TRANSPORT PACK
*RETAIL PACK *SHIPPING CASE
*CONSUMER PACK *SECONDARY PACK
*SALES PACK *OUTER CARTON
*DIRECT CONTACT WITH FOOD *CONTAINS NUMBER
OF INNER PACKS
FOOD PACKAGING
PRODUCT - PACKAGE
COMPATIBILITY
SHELF - LIFE
IT IS THE PERIOD BETWEEN PACKAGING
OF A PRODUCT AND USING IT BUT
ENSURING THAT THE QUALITY OF THE
PRODUCT REMAINS ACCEPTABLE TO THE
PRODUCT USER.
FOOD PACKAGING
SHELF - LIFE
SHELF-LIFE DETERMINATIONS ARE MORE APPROPRIATE
- WHERE PRODUCT - PACKAGE ARE SUSCEPTIBLE TO
INFLUENCE OF CONDITIONS CAUSING DETERIORATION
OF THE PRODUCT
- WHERE MIGRATION OF PACKAGE COMPONENTS ARE
POSSIBLE
- IN THE SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE AND ECONOMIC
MEDIUM FOR A GIVEN PURPOSE
• PRODUCT PROFILE
• SHELF LIFE PERIOD EXPECTED
• PACKAGING MATERIAL SELECTION
• PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF
PACKAGING MATERIALS
• CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
• MARKETING REQUIREMENTS
STORAGE / SHELF –LIFE
STUDIES
SHELF - LIFE
SIGNIFICANCE OF INITIAL VALUES Vs MAXIMUM LIMITS
SELECTION TRANSPORTATION
& GRADING SEA / AIR
HARVESTING DISTRIBUTION
PREHARVESTING RETAILING
PACKAGING OF HORTICULTURAL
PRODUCE
PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
HIGHLY PERISHABLE IN NATURE
EASILY AFFECTED BY CLIMATIC CONDITIONS,
DISTRIBUTION HAZARDS AND MICROBIAL DECAY.
RESPIRATION
MOISTURE
MICRO-ORGANISMS
CHANGES IN COLOUR, TEXTURE, ODOUR, FLAVOUR
TEMPERATURE
VOLATILES
FRESH FRUITS & VEGETABLES
PACKAGING REQUIREMENTS
PLASTIC PUNNETS
TRADITIONAL PACKAGES FOR
FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
PACKAGES FOR FRUITS AND
VEGETABLES
FRUITS AND VEGETABLES - BULK
PACK
CFB BOXES OF FOLLOWING STYLES DEVELOPED
ENZYME ACTIVITY
PIGMENTS
MOISTURE
ODOUR / FLAVOUR
PACKAGE FORMS FOR FRESH
MEAT
SHRINK PACKAGING
SKIN PACKAGING
VACUUM PACKAGING
PACKAGE FORMS FOR FRESH
MEAT
TRAYS AND FILMS
* RIGID TRAYS OF EPS OVERWRAPPED WITH TRANSPARENT FILMS
•AESTHETICALLY APPEALING
•NON - ABSORBENT
*CLEAR PS TRAYS
•OFFERS VISIBILITY
TYPICAL MATERIALS:
* POLETHYLENE / COATED CELLULOSE
* POLYESTER / POLYETHYLENE
* POLYAMIDE / POLYETHYLENE
* LAMINATES OF AL FOIL
SHELF - LIFE OF UPTO 3 WEEKS IS ACHIEVED
NOT POPULAR AT RETAIL LEVEL BECAUSE OF PURPLISH
COLOUR OF MEAT
PACKAGING OF
FRESH FISH
NEED FOR PACKAGING OF FISH
AND FISH PRODUCTS
GAS PROPERTIES
1. CARBON DIOXIDE INHIBITS BACTERIAL AND
MOULD ACTIVITY
Pomegranate
Cherries Mango- 35 days at Coriander- 3 days
4 months
20 deg C at 10 deg C
at 6 deg C
MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGING
OF BANANAS
ACTIVE PACKAGING
ACTIVE PACKAGING
ACTIVE V/S BARRIER PACKAGING
BARRIER PACKAGING:
– BARRIER IS CONSIDERED “PASSIVE” AS IT
ERECTS WALLS TO PRODUCT DEGRADERS.
ACTIVE PACKAGING:
– ACTIVE PACKAGING CONTROLS AND REACTS TO
EVENTS TAKING PLACE INSIDE THE PACKAGE.
ACTIVE PACKAGING
AP BANANAS FROM
ACTIVE PACK AFTER 35
DAYS
TWO TYPES:
•FLEXIBLE POUCHES
•SEMI RIGID CONTAINERS
RETORT PACKAGES
BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF RETORT POUCH
MATERIAL
• LOW GAS PERMEABILITY
• LOW WATER VAPOUR TRANSMISSION RATE
• RESISTANCE TO TEMPERATURE OF 1210C
FOR STERILISATION
• INERT AND COMPATIBLE
• HEAT SEALABLE AND MACHINEABLE
• PHYSICAL STRENGTH TO RESIST PHYSICAL ABUSE
RETORT PACKAGES
COMPOSITION OF RETORT POUCH
CRITICAL COMPONENTS
•POLYESTER FILM - REVERSE PRINTING
STRENGTH
ABRASION RESISTANCE
•ALUMINIUM FOIL - WATER, ODOUR, GAS, LIGHT
BARRIER PROPERTIES
•POLYPROPYLENE - HEAT SEAL INTEGRITY,
FLEXIBILITY, STRENGTH AND
COMPATIBILITY
RETORT PACKAGES
COMPOSITION OF RETORT POUCH
COMMON LAMINATES
• 15 MICRON POLYESTER OR NYLON /
70 MICRON CPP
• 12MICRON POLYESTER / 12MICRON Al FOIL/
75 MICRON CPP
• 12 MICRON PET / 9 MICRON Al FOIL /
15 MICRON OPA / 60 MICRON CPP
RETORT PACKAGES
MICRO-OVENABLE RETORT POUCHES
•LAMINATE OF PET/HBPVDC/PP
RETORT PACKAGES
ADVANTAGES
• EASY TO OPEN
• EXCELLENT BARRIER PROTECTION
• LONG SHELF-LIFE AT AMBIENT CONDITIONS
• MICRO - OVENABLE
• LOW WEIGHT
• LESS STORAGE SPACE
• THIN PROFILE – REDUCED HEATING TIME
RETORT PACKAGES
PRODUCTS PACKED IN RETORTABLE POUCHES
MEATS SAUCES
SOUPS FRUITS
& VEGETABLES
RETORT POUCHES IN THE
INDIAN MARKET
RETORT PACKAGES
SEMI - RIGID CONTAINERS
A TRAY OR A TUB WITH A SUPPORTING
BODY AND A PEELABLE LID.
MANUFACTURED BY THERMOFORMING,
COLD IMPACT FORMING OR
CO - EXTRUSION.
RETORT PACKAGES
MATERIALS USED:
TRAY LIDDING
MATERIAL
PET
ADHESIVE
LID Al FOIL
ADHESIVE
CPP
BODY PET
ADHESIVE
EVOH / PVDC
ADHESIVE
CPP
MICRO-OVENABLE PACKAGES
• ALUMINIUM CONTAINERS - EPOXY & VINYL
COATED TO ABSORB MIROWAVE ENERGY
• GLASS CONTAINERS
• PLASTIC CONTAINERS
(NYLON, PET, PP,)
ASEPTIC PACKAGING SYSTEM
ORIGINALLY INTRODUCED IN SWEDEN IN THE EARLY
60s, INTRODUCED IN INDIA FEW YEARS BACK
SINGLE TRIP CONTAINER - LAMINATE OF HIGH QUALITY
PAPER WITH ALUMINIUM FOIL AND LOW DENSITY
POLYETHYLENE
MILK IS ASEPTICALLY PACKED AFTER STERLISATION AT
140 0 C FOR 2 TO 3 SECONDS, COOLED SUDDENLY AND
THEN PACKED
PACKAGING MATERIAL IS STERILISED WITH HYDROGEN
PEROXIDE
NO REGRIGERATION REQUIRED / NO PRESERVATIVE
SHELF-LIFE OF ABOUT 90 TO 120 DAYS UNDER TROPICAL
CONDITIONS, IS ACHIEVED
CONVENTIONAL CANNING Vs ASEPTIC
PACKAGING
CONVENTIONAL PROCESS FLOW ASEPTIC PROCESS FLOW
PRODUCT PACKAGE PRODUCT PACKAGE
SEALING COOLING
COOLING SEALING