GLOBAL

NETWORK
OBJECTIVES
 Give example of various activities in
one’s daily life
 Explain the comprehensive effect of
globalization
 Show the interconnectedness of
people and nation
Demonstrate the benefits of
collaboration and cooperation
Identify the different contributions of
the parts to a whole
Stress the important role of creative
imagination in putting together the
various parts of the whole
 WHAT IS
GLOBAL
NETWORK?
  Is any communication
network which spans the
GLOBAL entire Earth
NETWORK  Refers in a more restricted
way to bidirectional
communication networks,
and to technology-based
networks
 History of
Global Network
 “
 The first global network that was
established using electrical telegraphy and
global span was achieved in 1899
 The telephony network was second to
achieve global status, in 1950s
 “
 More recently, interconnected IP networks
principally the Internet, with estimated 2.5
billion users worldwide in 2014 and the
GSM mobile communication network (with
over 6 billion worldwide users in 2014)
form the largest global networks of all
 “
 Setting global networks requires
immense, costly, and lengthy efforts
lasting for decades
 Elaborate interconnections, switching and
routing devices, laying out physical
carriers of information, such as land and
submarines cables and earth stations
must be set in operation
 “
 International communication
protocols, legislation and
agreements are involved
ACTIVITIES THAT SHOW
CONCRETE EFFECTS OF
GLOBALIZATION TO
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY,
LABOR AND MIGRATION
 GIVE ATLEAST
THREE (3)
ACTIVITIES/HABITS
EVERYDAY YOU
HAVE EVERYDAY
  Globalization has
attracted a great deal
What is of academic attention
globalization? in part because it has
coincide with dramatic
changes in the
structure of wages in
advanced countries
 Since the late 1970s, the real
wages of more skilled workers
in the Philippines and other
countries have risen steadily
while those of less-skilled
workers have stagnated or
even fallen
 More trade with low-wage
countries is one possible factor
behind rising wage inequality
 What complicates identifying the
impact of trade on wages is that
other profound shocks to labor
markets have occurred at the
same time
 The advent of information technology,
for instance, appears to have increased
the demand for skilled labor and allowed
firms to eliminate may jobs performed by
the less skilled.
 In the absence of clear evidence linking
trade and wage, may have attributed the
rise in the skilled wage gap to
technological change.
 Until recently, most research in
international economics ignored
the location of economic activity
inside the countries.
 In fact, the majority of industrial
firm located in the cities and
produce goods for urban
consumers.
 In many industrializing countries,
such as Argentina, Mexico, and
Thailand, most industrial production
occurs in a single region or city.
 Beginning in the early 1990s,
theoretical work in international
trade began to incorporate
geography into trade models.
 Understanding the link between
trade, industrialization, and
geographic concentration is
important because globalization
and the spread of digital
technologies hold the potential to
dramatically alter where people
live and work.
 If lower communication cost free
individuals from having to work in
cities, then advanced countries could
de-urbanized.
 Further, if globalization continues to
change national patterns of industrial
specialization, it could also reorient
the location of economic activity
inside countries.
 Economic activities are not certainly
confined to the Philippines. Foreign
outsourcing in Asia has been active
for more than three decades.
In the 1960s and 1970s, Hong
Kong was a major exporter of
apparel, footwear, and other labor-
intensive items, often producing
under subcontract for large buyers
in the United States, Europe, and
Japan.
Since China began to open
its economy to foreign trade
and investment in the late
1970s, Hong Kong has
begun to specialize in
business services in
Mainland China.
 Hong Kong firms have moved
most of their manufacturing
operations to the mainland, in
particular to the neighboring
province of Guandong, leaving their
management offices in Hong Kong
where they design and market the
goods that China produces.
 Hong Kong now
distributes about one-half
of the manufacturing
exports that China
produces.
 Global migration is not a new thing.
 People have always left their homes in
search for better economic opportunities,
both within and outside of their own
homeland.
 But economic globalization has put a new
spin on global migration causing global
up rootedness and human displacement
of an unprecedented scale.
Because economic
globalization exacerbates
inequality among nations,
migration for many
becomes not a choice but
an economic necessity.
Immigration, especially of
people of working age,
increases potential workforce
and can partly compensate
low participation of native
population.
More hands on deck ultimately
mean more economic growth and
prosperity (Nonneman,2007).
 This makes possible for humans
earn more money abroad than in
the own country.
 The leads to increase
of living standard of
people who work
abroad of their
families in the home
countries.
 Of course, many people who
immigrate do it for the reason
that they cannot find a job on
their own labor market but also
many people immigrate because
wages in the countries are
higher.
Thus their outgoing
leaves jobs on their
own labor market
which must be
occupied.
 Each immigrant entering the
country as well as being a job
seeker also provides work to
others because he or she is a
consumer and user of all
kinds of service and supplies
and creates demand and
hence work.
Migratory networks
develop intensifying
links between areas of
origin and destination.
Sassen (1999) concurs noting
that people who travel and move
help to shape the material and
spiritual culture of places:
therefore migration should be seen
as an equally central component
of globalization as trade and
finance.
 The relationship between
globalization and immigration
makes a strong reason for studying
landscape as an important part of
the process of globalization,
although they are not included as
criteria for inclusion in the global
urban hierarchy
 Due to globalization
rates of migration have
accelerated and the
diversity of origin
points has increased.
 Much of this immigration is
driven by economic factors, most
notably wage differences among
countries.
 Differing national policies are
also extremely important
explaining the flow are becoming
more and more closed to people.
 Because of these tight border controls
and a growing global fear of these
seeking refuge, migration is a risky
business.
 Migrants also face racism and
marginalization, despite the fact that
many of the citizens of countries where
they arrive to are also immigrants or
the children of immigrants.
 Migrants are often seen as
freeloaders or suspected of being
criminals.
 Migrants are looking for basic human
rights; safety, home, and a chance to
provide for themselves and their
families; all rights guaranteed to them
under international human rights
laws.
There are ethical and moral
reasons for countries to
open their borders. But
there are also economic
reasons to encourage
immigration.
 Immigrants tend to contribute
more in taxes than they receive
in social services. Immigrant
labor is also needed to sustain
the workforce in rich countries
with aging population and to
protect industries that rely on
immigrant labor.
 Ironically, the United
States, despite their tight
border controls, depend
heavily on illegal farm
workers to do work such
as fruit and vegetables
picking.
International migration
of highly-qualified (after
end of the World War II)
is known in the science
as “brain drain”.
By “brain drain” one
understands loss of
human capital and/or
outflow of intelligence
and understanding.
By the drift it can come into
e.g. certain sectors to
bottlenecks and to decrease of
production capabilities,
particularly the drift of highly-
qualified ones is also on
decrease.
 Humans with a high measure of
human capital are one of the most
important for economic
development.
 Besides they are to call loss of
potential tax receipts and loss of
the funds, invested in training.
But a reduced number of high-
qualified ones rises, wages of these
workers simultaneously the wages of
unqualified sink and lead thereby
partly prosperity duty
Apart from these economic effects,
the drift can also lead to political and
social disadvantages.
The danger of corruption,
bad governance and
general instability can
increase because of the
absence of funds
 Comprehensive
EFFECTS of
GLOBALIZATION to
ECONOMY, LABOR,
and MIGRATION
 Is the increasing economic
integration and
Economic interdependence of
Globalization national, region, and local
economies across the
though an intensification of
cross-border movement of
goods, services,
technologies and capital
Whereas globalization is a broad set of
process concerning multiple networks of
economic, political and cultural
interchange, contemporary economic
globalization is propelled by rapid
growing significance of information in all
types of productive activities and
marketization, and by developments in
science and technology
Globalization
to Labor
Globalization
to migration