Kinetic Molecular Theory

States of Matter
Phase Changes
Kinetic Molecular Theory # 1

 Matter is composed of small particles

(molecules). The measure of space
that the molecules occupy (volume) is
derived from the space in between the
molecules and not the space the
molecules contain themselves.
Evidence

 Food coloring in water

 Dust particles in air
 Gold hammered into foil
 Oil spreading on the surface of water
 Condensation of water vapor by
increased pressure
Kinetic Molecular Theory #2
 The molecules are in
constant motion. This
motion is different for
the 3 states of matter.
 Solid – vibrate in
position
 Liquid - Molecules
will flow or glide over
one another, Motion
is a bit faster than
solid
 Gas – Molecules
move freely of each
other and at a greater
speed
Kinetic Molecular Theory # 3

 When the molecules collide with each

other, or with the walls of a container,
there is no loss of energy – energy is
transferred
Temperature effect on Physical
Properties *directly proportional*
Increases Decreases
 Kinetic energy of  Kinetic energy of
particles increases particles decreases
 Volume increases  Volume decreases
 Solid changes to  Gas changes to
liquid – liquid liquid – liquid
changes to gas changes to solid
 Viscosity increases  Viscosity decreases
 Malleability  Malleability
increases decreases
Viscosity
Volume
Malleability
 To determine if something is malleable – ask
the question could it be easily bent or flattened
into a sheet
 Think about when you first take the play-doh
out of the container – Is it easy to work with?
 What happens as heat is transferred from your
hands?
 Is everything malleable?
 What are examples of things that would be
malleable?
Review

 Which would have a greater viscosity –

honey or water?
 If I decreased the temperature of honey
what would happen to the viscosity? If I
increased the temperature of honey what
would happen to the viscosity?
 What does malleable mean?
 Give one example of evidence to prove
that matter is in constant motion.
BrainPop

 States of Matter
Liquid

 Fixed volume –
takes the shape of
the container
 Close together, but
in a random pattern
 Moving faster than a
solid, but slower than
a gas
Solid

 Fixed volume and

shape
 Packed together in a
pattern
 Vibrate in position
Gas

 No fixed shape or
volume – spread out
to fill the container
 widely spaced out
 Move rapidly,
frequently colliding
with each other and
the side of the
container
BrainPop Quiz

 States of Matter
BrainPop

 Phases of Matter
Solid to Liquid

 Heat is added – kinetic energy increases and

weakens attractive forces between particles
 At the melting point the solid melts into a liquid
Liquid to Gas

 Heat is added to the liquid – kinetic energy increases

and weakens attractive forces between particles
 begin to boil when reach the boiling point
 temp increases particles move even faster and over
come the attractive forces and evaporate forming a
gas
Gas to Liquid

 Heat is lost from the gas – attractive forces

become stronger - kinetic energy decreases
 when enough heat is given off the particles
condense into a liquid
Liquid to Solid

 Heat is lost – kinetic energy decreases and

increases attractive forces between particles
 At the freezing point the liquid becomes a solid
Sublimation

 When a solid changes directly into a gas

without melting
 EX: smaller ice cubes in the back of the
freezer
Cooling Curve
Gas to Liquid to Solid
Heating Curve
Solid to Liquid to Gas
Summary
BrainPop Quiz

 Phases of Matter