EYE CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED

WITH EXPOSURE TO HAZE

Author : dr.Rosmaryati Manalu, Sp.M
Co author : dr. Andy Narang; dr. Tria Pertiwi
 BACKGROUND
• Within 18 years forest and land fires occur annualy
in Kalimantan and Sumatra. Forest and land fires in
Indonesia by 2015 are the worst in history.
• Between January and November 2015, over 100.000
forest fires devoured millions of hectares of forest in
Indonesia.
• One of the causes of forest fires is the habits of
communities and plantation companies clearing
plantation land by burning.
• The forest is burned to make the land used to be
clean, easy to work, free of pests and diseases and
get the ashes of combustion that are rich in minerals
Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2015
THE INCREASING OF THE FIRE POINT IN 5 PROVINCES IN THE
MINISTRY OF HEALTH MONITORING PERIOD FROM JANUARY TO
NOVEMBER 2015.
• Following the decision of the Minister of Health
No. 289 of 2013 on the Control Procedure of Air
Pollution Effects of Forest Fire on Health, air
quality monitoring uses the Air Pollution
Standard Index (ISPU).
• ISPU is obtained from Health Department or
Local Environmental Management Agency or
Regional Health Laboratory.
• The parameters are dust, Sulfur dioxide, Carbon
monoxide, Ozone and Nitrogen dioxide.

Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2015

ISPU Air Polution Level
0-50 Good
51-100 Medium
101-199 Not Healthy
200-299 Very Unhealthy
300-399 Dangerous
>400 Very Dangerous

• The phase of a forest fire disaster is a

phase in which forest fires start and is
marked by the number of the Air Pollution
Standards Index (ISPU)> 200.

Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2015

THE HIGHEST ISPU IN 6 PROVINCES AFFECTED
BY HAZE FROM SEPTEMBER TO OCTOBER 2015
 Forest Fire
Smoke

-Mixtures of gases (CO, NO2, O3, SO2

and others )
-Particles  Particulate Matter
-Chemicals due to incomplete
combustion

Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2015

 • The haze caused by forest fires is in an alarming
and detrimental condition to health
• Adverse health impacts can also occur in people
especially in vulnerable groups such as infants,
toddlers, pregnant women, elderly and people
with health problems in the lungs and heart.

Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2015

 EYE CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH
EXPOSURE TO HAZE
Conjunctivitis Short term exposure
• Allergic conjungtivitis is the most common diseases
seen with environmental variations.
• It is stimulated by direct exposure of ocular mucosal
surfaces to environmental allergen, like particulate
matter.

Ihekaire DE, 2015. Relationship between petrochemical pollution and ocullo-visual in onelga region of the niger delta. 3(4):100-128.Ophthalmology
Research: An International Journal. 2015.
Subhrica, 2013. Effect of environment on eyes: a review. 24 (4). 381-84. Dept. of opthalmology
 ...EYE CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH EXPOSURE TO HAZE
Dry eyes Short term exposure
• Dry eye syndrome is due to • It may result in decreased sensitivity
decrease in quality or quantity of cornea.
of tears.
• Symptoms of dry eyes include eye
• It may be due to excessive fatigue and discomfort, redness,
evaporation or decreased itching, dryness, irritation.
formation of tears.

Ihekaire DE, 2015. Relationship between petrochemical pollution and ocullo-visual in onelga region of the niger delta. 3(4):100-128.Ophthalmology
Research: An International Journal. 2015.
Subhrica, 2013. Effect of environment on eyes: a review. 24 (4). 381-84. Dept. of opthalmology
 ...EYE CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH EXPOSURE TO HAZE
Eye Foreign body
Short term exposure

• Eye foreign body is foreign

material on or in mucosa of
eye. It generally fall under
the category of minor ocular
trauma.
• If not removed, a foreign
body can cause infection or
tissue necrosis, impact of
blindness
Ihekaire DE, 2015. Relationship between petrochemical pollution and ocullo-visual in onelga region of the niger delta. 3(4):100-128.Ophthalmology
Research: An International Journal. 2015.
Subhrica, 2013. Effect of environment on eyes: a review. 24 (4). 381-84. Dept. of opthalmology
 ...EYE CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH EXPOSURE TO HAZE
Long term exposure Cataracts

• Cataract are cloud areas in the lens inside the eye, which is
normally clear.
• Cataract can precipitated by the excessive heat produced by
combustion activities which could result in coagulation of the
protein materials in the crystalline lens.
• Lifetime lead exposure may increase the risk of developing cataract
even in unborn babies, resulting congenital cataract.
Ihekaire DE, 2015. Relationship between petrochemical pollution and ocullo-visual in onelga region of the niger delta. 3(4):100-128.Ophthalmology
Research: An International Journal. 2015.
Subhrica, 2013. Effect of environment on eyes: a review. 24 (4). 381-84. Dept. of opthalmology
 ...EYE CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH EXPOSURE TO HAZE
Long term exposure Pterygium

• Pterygium is a growth that

develops on the conjungtiva
or mucous membrane that
covers the white part of the
eye.
• They occur more often in
people who live in warm
climate, especially those who
living in areas where
combustion activities.
.
Ihekaire DE, 2015. Relationship between petrochemical pollution and ocullo-visual in onelga region of the niger delta. 3(4):100-128.Ophthalmology
Research: An International Journal. 2015.
Subhrica, 2013. Effect of environment on eyes: a review. 24 (4). 381-84. Dept. of opthalmology
 CONCLUSION
• The haze caused by forest fires in Indonesia is a
routine disaster every year that raises health
problems.
• Health problems are the result of a wider
problem involving sectors of culture, education,
economics, the environment and some other
sectors.
• Therefore, to overcome the haze problem,
especially forest and land fires by improving and
educating in several related sectors.
Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2015
THANK YOU