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Systematic view of the components of the earth’s global weather and climate system which involves mutual
interactions between components of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere (IPCC)
ANNUAL and GLOBAL MEAN
ENERGY BALANCE
Reference: Kiehl and Trenberth, 1997 as cited by Lasco (ENS 275 powerpoint)
DEFINITION OF CLIMATE CHANGE
RADIATIVE FORCING
NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC CAUSES
ALBEDO EFFECT
CLIMATE CHANGE
“any change in climate over time, whether due to
natural variability or as a result of human activity”
due to alterations in the energy balance of the
climate system expressed in terms of radiative
forcing:
Any change in the average net radiative
balance at the top of the atmosphere due to
variations in natural intensity of incoming
solar radiation or outgoing infrared energy
http://www.brighton73.freeserve.co.uk/gw/paleo/20000yrfig.htm
Explanation: Milankovitch or Astronomical Theory of
Climate Change
Changes in tilt and orbit (closeness of earth to the sun)
causes changes in climate
http://www.brighton73.freeserve.co.uk/gw/paleo/20000yrfig.htm
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/milankovitch.html
ANTHROPOGENIC CAUSES
Increase in concentration of greenhouse gases in
atmosphere leads to enhanced greenhouse effect
GHGs:
triatomic molecules: easily excited by IR radiation
thus play a key role in absorption of terrestrial
radiation
http://www.brighton73.freeserve.co.uk/gw/paleo/20000yrfig.htm
THE ICE-ALBEDO EFFECT
Albedo (α): quantity that indicates how well a surface
reflects solar energy ("whiteness" of a surface)
Ice-Albedo effect/feedback:
As ice melts, more exposed ocean water and land change Earth's
albedo
leads to increased absorption of energy that further warms the
planet
Socio-economic impacts:
43% of population already live
on less than $2 a day
GLOBAL EFFORTS
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC):
foundation for global efforts (1992 Rio Summit)
aim: stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the
atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous
anthropogenic [ human-induced] interference with the
climate system
187 countries ratified
Kyoto Protocol (1997): more binding
aim of reducing CO2 emissions to 55 percent of 1990 level
signed and ratified by 191 countries (2011)
Reduce fossil fuel emissions
Control deforestation
Promote forest conservation and tree planting
THANK YOU!
REFERENCES
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/noaa-n/climate/climate_weather.html
http://focusweb.org/node/1924
http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/spmsspm-human-and.html
http://blogs.panda.org/coral_triangle/2010/04/01/dry-lands-and-effects-of-climate-change-in-mindoro-philippines/
http://climate.gov.ph/index.php/documents
http://www.doe.gov.ph/cc/ccp.htm
http://climate.gov.ph/index.php/nccap-executive-summary
http://forestpolicyresearch.com/2009/01/28/philippines-history-on-landslides-forests-lives-lost/
http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2007/nov/03/food.climatechange
http://earthisours.blogspot.com/2008/04/global-warming-may-turn-philppines-into.html
http://ecohope.blogspot.com/2009/09/typhoon-ondoy-in-manila-philippines.html
http://www.brighton73.freeserve.co.uk/gw/paleo/paleoclimate.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o%E2%80%93Southern_Oscillation
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/sci_nat/04/climate_change/html/climate.stm
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/milankovitch.html
http://www.isover.com/Q-A/Green-facts-global-challenges/What-is-climate-change
http://www.who.int/globalchange/climate/en/
http://www.teachersdomain.org/assets/wgbh/ipy07/ipy07_int_albedo/ipy07_int_albedo.html
http://www.gaiadiscovery.com/climate-change_adaptation/climate-change-and-effects-on-the-philippines.html
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPHILIPPINES/Resources/PH_Low_Carbon_Transport_and_Power.pdf
Climate Change in the Philippines. PAGASA-DOST. February 2011.
Amadore, Leoncio A. 2005. Crisis or Opportunity, Climate Change Impacts and the Philippines. Greenpeace
Southeast Asia. At http://www.greenpeace.org/seasia/en/asia-energy-revolution/climate-change/philippinesclimate-impacts.
Presentation, Dr. Rodel Lasco, ENS 275, 1st sem 2012-13
Presentation, Dr. Decibel Eslava, ENS201, 1st sem 2012-13