ANALYSING THE ENGINEERING

PROPERTIES OF LOW DENSITY

POLYETHYLENE (LDPE)

NAZEER AHAMED M (212212103032) Mrs.M.S.ANJU

PRAVEEN KUMAR S J (212212103038) Assistan Professor
SAMINATHAN S (212212103044) Department of Civil Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering Saveetha Engineering College
Saveetha Engineering College

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 ABSTRACT
• With the increase in demand for construction materials, there is a
strong need to utilize alternative materials for sustainable
development.
• This project deals with the possibility of using the waste polystyrene
bottles as the partially replaced fine aggregate [PRFA] & partially
replaced coarse aggregate [PRCA] .
• In which we will compare the test result of the partially replaced
aggregate with the nominal coarse & fine aggregate properties.

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 OBJECTIVE

• To study the properties of LDPE as PRFA & PRCA.

• To compare the properties of nominal coarse and fine aggregate with
partially replaced coarse and fine aggregate.

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 INTRODUCTION

• Plastics and polythene do not decompose naturally and they

have been environmentally unacceptable, and so alternative
methods have been needed to be implemented, to recycle
these materials. There have been numerous modifiers that
can be used to improve the properties of road surfaces, but
most of these had been found to be uneconomical when
used as a modifier. Use of LDPE and waste plastic bottles as
modifier in road surfaces can potentially reduce material
wastage and improve the performance of road surfaces.

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• Recycling of waste materials serves important purpose of
eliminating an expensive and environmentally unacceptable solid
waste disposal problem. At present, considering the risks associated
with land filling of waste materials and the disposal problem,
researchers have been finding ways of incorporating recycled
materials into asphalt pavements that have brought about action
throughout the world.

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 Literature Survey
Polystyrene Aggregate Concrete, S. G. Park & D. H. Chishlom,
BRANZ Study Report No. 5 (1999), Building Research Levy
• In this study, concrete with polystyrene beads as aggregate
are used with three different densities, each mixes both with
& without fly ash. Densities of 600Kg/m3 , 800Kg/m3,
1000Kg/m3 are investigated.
• Polystyrene aggregate concrete is very prone to segregation
so care must be taken so that not too much water is added to
the mix.
• Compressive strength is low compared to structural concrete.
Low strength is expected due to nature of mix.

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• Thermal conductivity was close to the expected value of
concrete. Lighter the concrete, lower the thermal
conductivity.
• Fly ash added to the mix based on a 30% replacement rate on
cement reduced the water demand, density & shrinkage but
also reduce compressive strength.

INFERENCE :
Compressive strength is low & thermal property depends on the
density of concrete.

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 Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate By Expanded
Polystyrene Beads in Concrete, Thomas Tamut, Rajendra
Prabhu, Katta Venkataramana, Subhash C Yaragal,
International research in Engineering & Technology, Vol 3
Issue 2, Pg 238-241
• In this paper they studies they have partially replaced
expanded polystyrene beads (EPS) & found the compressive &
tensile strength of light weight concrete containing EPS beads.
Then they compared with the result of concrete without EPS
beads.
• The percentage replacement are 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% &
30% are moulded , cured & tested for 7 & 28 days.

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• EPS is a light weight cellular plastic material contain 98% air & 2%
polystyrene.
• M30 grade concrete with w/c ratio of 0.46 is used as per IS 10262-
2009. For every mix 6 cubes & 3 cylinders are casted.
• Increase in the EPS content, reduce the compressive & tensile
strength of concrete.
• All the EPS concrete without any admixtures show good
workability & easily be compacted.
• Workability increases with increase in EPS content.
• EPS can be used for non-structural application like wall panels,
partition walls etc.
INFERENCE : As the EPS content increase the compressive & tensile
strength decreases. Workability is depend directly on the EPS
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content.
 Partial Replacement Of Cement & Fine Aggregate By Using Fly
ash & Glass Aggregate, T.Phani Madhavi, V. Sampath Kumar,
P. Gunasekaran, International Journal Of Research In Engineering
& Technology.
• In this journal, they have partially replaced concrete with glass as
it could be recycled many times without changing its chemical
properties.
• The inclusion of fly ash in glass concrete improves the workability
& durability properties of concrete & reduces the alkali silica
reaction.
• From the investigation it was proposed that the use of fly ash as
cement replacement material & glass concrete as fine aggregate
material partially in concrete.
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• Percentage replacement of natural sand as sheet glass aggregates
are 10% 20% 30%.They have used M30 concrete .Compressive
strength of cubes at 3, 7 & 28 days of duration were studied.
• The test results shows the ideal percentage of mix which have
maximum compressive strength was identified.
Test Conducted :
• Fineness modulus
• Specific gravity
• Moisture content
• Water absorption
• Compressive strength.
INFERENCE :
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 Experimental Investigation On Concrete By Partially
Replacement of Ware Aggregate With Junk Rubber,
B. Dhamodhara Reddy, S .Aruna Jyothy, P. Ramesh Babu,
International Journal Of Research In Engineering & science Vol 2
Pg 61-65
• In this journal they have conducted this experimental study to
analyse the behaviour & failure characteristics of rubberised
concrete.
• Tyre rubber is partially replaced with coarse aggregate of
percentage 10%, 15%.
• Waste tyre being non-biodegradable possess severe fire
environmental & health risk.
• Port land Pozzalama cement of 53 grade confirming to IS 1489-
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1991 ( Part-1 ) was used.
 Test Conducted :
• Compressive strength test
• Split tensile strength
IS Codes :
• IS 1489-1991 ( Part-1 )
• IS 10262-1982
• IS 516-1959
• IS 5816-1999
INFERENCE :
The result shows that the replacement of coarse by junk rubber in
concrete have reduced compressive strength & densities.
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 Properties Of Polypropylene Fibre Reinforced Concrete Using
Recycled Aggregates, Kutalmis Recep Akca, Ozgur Cakir,
Metin Ipek, Construction & Building Materials 98 (2015) Pg- 620-
630
• In this paper, study is done on recycling rubber obtained during
urban transformation & manufacturing new concrete using this
material.
• The replacement percentage are 0%, 1%, 1.5%. The physical &
mechanical properties were affected negatively by RCA because
RCA has higher porosity & water absorption capacity.
• Although fibre content increases the flexural properties but there
is no significant difference.
• Workability decreases due to high water absorption tendency of
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RCA.
• Compressive strength , flexural & splitting tensile show reduction
when RCA is used.
• But flexural & splitting tensile increases when fibre is added, but
there is no significant influence observed on compressive strength.
• It is noted the RCA strength depends on the material quality of
demolished structure.
INFERENCE :
It is suitable to use RCA at field concreted, precast elements & road
concrete that have low structural risk factor.But fibre usage is seen
to have increased which will develop the usage of fibre reinforced
recycled aggregate concrete.

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 Utilization Of Waste Plastics As A Partial Replacement Of Coarse
Aggregate In Concrete Blocks, S. Vanitha, V. Natarajan,
M. Prabha, International Journal Of Research In Science &
Technology Vol 8(12)
• In this journal ,they have used M20 grade concrete. Percentage
replacement of plastic as coarse aggregate are 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%
& 10%.
• Paver blocks & solid blocks of 200m X 150mm X 60mm & 200mm X
100mm X 65mm are casted & tested for 7, 14, 28 days respectively.
• They have used IS- SP 23-1982 to conduct mixed design.

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 Test conducted on Coarse Aggregate :
• Specific gravity
• Water absorption
• Free surface moisture
• Impact value
• Crushing value
• Abrasion value
Test conducted on fine Aggregate :
• Specific gravity
• Water absorption
• Free surface moisture
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Compressive Strength Result :
0% have high compressive strength which gets reduced when
percentage goes to 10% for all 3 days.
INFERENCE :
The result shows for M20 grade compressive strength of concrete
with waste plastic is 4% for paver blocks & 2% for solid blocks.

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 MATERIAL COLLECTION
• Low Density Polyethylene Bottles (Used Glucose Bottles from
Hospital).

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 METHODOLOGY

Steps involved in preparation of specimen

Step-1 : Collection of LDPE bottles.
Step-2 : Shredding the LDPE into required size
aggregate.
Step-3 : Testing .
sSep-4 : Comparing the physical properties of partially
replaced polystyrene as coarse & fine
aggregate with normal coarse & fine aggregate.

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 TEST TO BE CONDUCTED
• COARSE AGGREGATE • FINE AGGREGATE
1. Water Absorption 1. Sieve Analysis
2. Crushing 2. Water Absorption
3. Impact 3. Specific Gravity
4. Abrasion 4. Bulking of Sand
5. Specific gravity 5. Fineness Modulus

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 TEST RESULTS
OF
FINE AGGREGATE

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 SIEVE ANALYSIS
• Sieve analysis helps to determine the particle size distribution of
the coarse and fine aggregates.This is done by sieving the
aggregates as per IS: 2386 (Part I) – 1963.

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Fineness Modulus = 2.99%

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25
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 SPECIFIC GRAVITY
• To determining the ratio of the weight of a given volume of
aggregate to the weight of an equal volume of water.

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Calculation 1: 0% Replacement

Empty weight of Pycnometer ( W1 ) = 0.634

Weight of Pycnometer + Dry Soil ( W2 ) = 0.834
Weight of Pycnometer + Dry Soil + Water ( W3 ) = 1.646
Weight of Pycnometer + Water ( W4 ) = 1.541

Specific Gravity (G) = W2 - W1/(W2 - W1) – (W3 - W4)

= 0.2/0.2 - 0.105
= 2.10

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Calculation 2: 20% Replacement

Empty weight of Pycnometer ( W1 ) = 0.634

Weight of Pycnometer + Dry Soil ( W2 ) = 0.834
Weight of Pycnometer + Dry Soil + Water ( W3 ) = 1.596
Weight of Pycnometer + Water ( W4 ) = 1.541

Specific Gravity (G) = W2 - W1/(W2 - W1) – (W3 - W4)

= 0.2/0.2 - 0.055
= 1.37

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Calculation 3: 40% Replacement

Empty weight of Pycnometer ( W1 ) = 0.634

Weight of Pycnometer + Dry Soil ( W2 ) = 0.834
Weight of Pycnometer + Dry Soil + Water ( W3 ) = 1.564
Weight of Pycnometer + Water ( W4 ) = 1.541

Specific Gravity (G) = W2 - W1/(W2 - W1) – (W3 - W4)

= 0.2/0.2 - 0.023
= 1.12

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Calculation 4: 60% Replacement

Empty weight of Pycnometer ( W1 ) = 0.634

Weight of Pycnometer + Dry Soil ( W2 ) = 0.834
Weight of Pycnometer + Dry Soil + Water ( W3 ) = 1.550
Weight of Pycnometer + Water ( W4 ) = 1.541

Specific Gravity (G) = W2 - W1/(W2 - W1) – (W3 - W4)

= 0.2/0.2 - 0.009
= 1.04

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 WATER ABSORPTION
• This test helps to determine the water absorption of fine
aggregates as per IS: 2386 (Part III) – 1963. For this test a
sample not less than 2000g should be used.

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• Calculation 1: 0% Replacement
•
• Mass of Pycnometer ( W1 ) = 0.634
• Mass of Pycnometer + Wet Soil ( W2 ) = 0.834
• Mass of Pycnometer + Wet Soil + Water ( W3 ) = 1.596
• Mass of Pycnometer + Water ( W4 ) = 1.541

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• Calculation 2: 20% Replacement
•
• Mass of Pycnometer ( W1 ) = 0.634
• Mass of Pycnometer + Wet Soil ( W2 ) = 0.834
• Mass of Pycnometer + Wet Soil + Water ( W3 ) = 1.564
• Mass of Pycnometer + Water ( W4 ) = 1.541

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• Calculation 3: 30% Replacement
•
• Mass of Pycnometer ( W1 ) = 0.634
• Mass of Pycnometer + Wet Soil ( W2 ) = 0.834
• Mass of Pycnometer + Wet Soil + Water ( W3 ) = 1.550
• Mass of Pycnometer + Water ( W4 ) = 1.541

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• Calculation 4: 40% Replacement
•
• Mass of Pycnometer ( W1 ) = 0.634
• Mass of Pycnometer + Wet Soil ( W2 ) = 0.834
• Mass of Pycnometer + Wet Soil + Water ( W3 ) = 1.646
• Mass of Pycnometer + Water ( W4 ) = 1.541

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 BULKING OF SAND
• To study the behaviour of sand grains under varying
percentage of moisture content .

• Calculations

Bulking =(Y1-Y)x100/Y

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• Calculation 1: 0% Replacement
Vol. of loose sand (ml) X = 200ml
Vol. of saturated sand (ml) Y = 180ml
Bulking of Sand = 11.11

• Calculation 2: 20% Replacement

Vol. of loose sand (ml) X = 200ml
Vol. of saturated sand (ml) Y = 170ml
Bulking of Sand = 17.65

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• Calculation 3: 40% Replacement
Vol. of loose sand (ml) X = 200ml
Vol. of saturated sand (ml) Y = 155ml
Bulking of Sand = 25

• Calculation 4: 60% Replacement

Vol. of loose sand (ml) X = 200ml
Vol. of saturated sand (ml) Y = 150ml
Bulking of Sand = 37.33

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 TEST RESULTS
OF
COARSE AGGREGATE

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 AGGREGATE IMPACT TEST
• This test is done to determine the aggregate impact value of
coarse aggregates as per IS: 2386 (Part IV) – 1963. The
apparatus used for determining aggregate impact value of
coarse aggregates is Impact testing machine conforming to IS:
2386 (Part IV)- 1963

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• Calculation 1: 0% Replacement

Total weight of aggregate sample

filling the cylinder measure, W1 = 2.087g

Weight of aggregate passing through

2.36mm sieve after the test, W2 = 0.114g

Aggregate Impact Value = 5.46%

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• Calculation 2: 20% Replacement

Total weight of aggregate sample

filling the cylinder measure, W1 = 1.945g

Weight of aggregate passing through

2.36mm sieve after the test, W2 = 0.054g

Aggregate Impact Value = 2.77%

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• Calculation 3: 40% Replacement

Total weight of aggregate sample

filling the cylinder measure, W1 = 1.997g

Weight of aggregate passing through

2.36mm sieve after the test, W2 = 0.051g

Aggregate Impact Value = 2.55%

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• Calculation 4: 60% Replacement

Total weight of aggregate sample

filling the cylinder measure, W1 = 1.942g

Weight of aggregate passing through

2.36mm sieve after the test, W2 = 0.045g

Aggregate Impact Value = 2.32%

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 AGGREGATE CRUSHING TEST
• This test helps to determine the aggregate crushing value of
coarse aggregates as per IS: 2386 (Part IV) – 1963.

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• Calculation 1: 0% Replacement

Total Weight of dry sample, W1 = 4kg

Weight of the portion of crushed material passing through

2.36mm IS Sieve, W2 = 0.907kg

Aggregate Crushing Value = 22.67%

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• Calculation 2: 20% Replacement

Total Weight of dry sample, W1 = 4kg

Weight of the portion of crushed material passing through

2.36mm IS Sieve, W2 = 0.192kg

Aggregate Crushing Value = 4.8%

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• Calculation 3: 40% Replacement

Total Weight of dry sample, W1 = 4kg

Weight of the portion of crushed material passing through

2.36mm IS Sieve, W2 = 0.155kg

Aggregate Crushing Value = 3.87%

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• Calculation 4: 60% Replacement

Total Weight of dry sample, W1 = 4kg

Weight of the portion of crushed material passing through

2.36mm IS Sieve, W2 = 0.120kg

Aggregate Crushing Value = 3.0%

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 LOS ANGLES ABRASION TEST
• This test helps to determine the abrasion value of coarse
aggregates as per IS: 2386 (Part IV) – 1963.

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• Calculation 1: 0% Replacement
Weight of sample, W1 = 1kg
Weight of Sample after abrasion, W2 = 0.8kg
Loss in weight = W1-W2 = 0.2kg
Percentage in wear = 20%

• Calculation 1: 0% Replacement
Weight of sample, W1 = 1kg
Weight of Sample after abrasion, W2 = 0.8kg
Loss in weight = W1-W2 = 0.2kg
Percentage in wear = 20%
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THANK YOU

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