Summary Sheet

Session Number : 2

Date : 13.03.2007
Subject Expert :
Dr. M.C. Nataraja
Professor
Department of Civil Engineering,
S.J. College of Engineering,
Mysore – 570 006.
Phone:0821-2343521, 9880447742
E-mail: nataraja96@yahoo.com
Detailing of Steel in Footings
Learning Outcomes:

• After this students will be able to do the detailing of

different types of isolated footings through drawing
and bar bending schedule.
Detailing of Steel in Footings
Footings

The function of a footing or a foundation is to transmit the

load form the structure to the underlying soil.

The choice of suitable type of footing depends on the depth at

which the bearing strata lies, the soil condition and the type of
superstructure.
Types of footing

Following are the different types of footing used for concrete

structure

• Isolated footing
• Combined footings
• Strap footing
• Mat or raft foundation
• Pile foundation
Isolated footings
Isolated footings are provided under each column and may
be square, rectangular, or circular in plan. Footing may be
flat or tapered.
Combined footings

PROPERTY LINE

COMBINED COMBINED
FOOTING FOOTING

RECTANGULAR AND TRAPEZOIDAL TYPES

Combined footings
• Combined footings are provided to support two or more
column loads. These may be continuous with rectangular
or trapezoidal in plan as shown. Combined footings
become necessary under the following circumstances:
• when the isolated footings overlap.
• when the exterior column is close to the property line with
the result symmetrical isolated footing can not be
provided.
 Strap footing
• Strap footing is one of the types of combined types of
combined. It consists of an isolated footing of two
columns connected by a beam called strap beam. The
strap beam does not remain in contact with the soil and
thus does not transfer any load to the soil. This is
provided when one of the columns is on the property
line.
PROPERTY LINE

STRAP
BEAM
STRAP FOOTING
Mat foundation

• The is provided when the soil is having

very low bearing capacity and or when
columns loads are heavy, the required
footing area becomes very large and
uneconomical.

MAT FOUNDATION
Detailing
• Size of footing
BM1
• Depth at footing OWS
• Depth of footing edge
• Nominal and effective cover d/2 BM2
• Development length
• Minimum and maximum steel TWS
d
• Spacing of bars and stirrups
PLAN
Detailing of steel in rectangular
footing as per IS:456-2000
Reinforcement
Long and short direction
In short direction larger steel area is needed in the central portion and is given by

A  2
st
,central
band

A
st
,total 
,short
(L/ B) 1
direction

Reminder of the steel in end bands

Development length= Ldt= f s .φ s

4τ
bd
Ldt = 47φs for M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel
PROBLEM
An isolated footing is to be provided for a column of section
400 mm x 400 mm. The following details re given:

Height of the column =3m

Main reinforcement in column = 4 Nos. 16 mm diameter.
Transverse reinforcement = 6 mm at 220 mm c/c
Plan size of footing = 2.7 m x 2.7 m
Depth of footing at column face = 500 mm
Depth of footing at edge = 150 mm
Depth of foundation = 1000 mm
 Isolated footing Contd..
Footing reinforcement = a mesh of 20 mm diameter steel at
250 mm c/c.
Grade of concrete= M20
Grade of steel = Fe415
Draw to a suitable scale the following:
• Plan
• Sectional Elevation
• Prepare bar bending schedule 20 Marks
Solution:
Development length in tension = 47φ = 47 x 16= 752 mm
Depth at junction = 500 mm
Leg length available for column bars = Ldt – 500 = 252 mm <
300 mm.
Provide 300 mm minimum.
Development length of 20 mm bars in footing = 47 x 20 = 940
mm
This is provided by the horizontal projection of bars. Bars
need not be bent at ends in to the depth of footing.
Number of bars in footing = 11 Numbers at 200 mm c/c with a
side cover of 100 mm.

Width of footing= 10 x 250 + 100 x 2 =2700 mm

Follow all specification of SP 34 and prepare the drawing

Detailing with dowel bars
A1=bxD
Pu/bD < 0.45fck √A1/A2

2Df

Df 2:1

A2= [b+4Df] x [D+4Df}

 Bar bending schedule
For exercise problem
For footing only
Total
length in
Length m
No. of Diameter
Member Mark in Bar details Remarks
bars in mm
m/piece
#20

A 11 20 2.55 28.05 #20@250

Footing
B 11 20 2.55 28.05 #20@250
Total length in m/diameter 56.10
Weight in kg/m 2.45
Total weight in kg/diameter 137.45
Estimation of quantity of concrete
Volume of concrete = L x B x D

L= length in m
B=Breadth in m
D=Thickness in m
Apply for rectangular and trapezoidal part

Weight of concrete, kg = Volume x density