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GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
SPECIFIC ENTRY COMPETENCIES
*Keller, 1987
Student Motivation
ARCS Model (John Keller, 1987) Four essential
aspects of motivation
• Attention refers to whether students perceive the
instruction as interesting and worthy of their
consideration
• Relevance refers to whether students perceive the
instruction as meeting some personal need or goal
• Confidence refers to whether students expect to
succeed based on their own efforts.
• Satisfaction refers to the intrinsic and extrinsic
rewards students receive from the instruction.
Intrinsic motivators are generated by aspects of the
experience or task itself, i.e. a challenge or curiosity.
Extrinsic motivators are generated by factors not directly
related to the experience or task, i.e. grades, recognition.
Physiological Factors
Instruction must be adapted to take
advantage of physiological factors.
• Factors related to gender differences,
health, and environmental conditions
• Boys & girls respond differently to
various school experiences
• Hunger and illness impede learning
• Temperature, noise, lighting, and time
of day affect our ability to concentrate
STATE OBJECTIVES
Selection Criteria