Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Differential
Calculus
Average Rate of Change
Average velocity/speed
Average velocity- with directions
Average speed- magnitude only
Solution:
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚=
𝑥2 − 𝑥1
4−0 4
𝑚= =
2 − (−1) 3
Positive Slope
Horizontal Line
Example : Find the slope of the line connecting (4,0) and (3,0)
Solution: Both these points have the same y-coordinate. Thus,
change in y=0. Therefore, the slope is also zero.
Undefined Slope
Vertical Line
Example : Find the slope of the line connecting (3,4) and (3,0)
Solution: Both these points have the same x-coordinate. Thus,
change in x=0. Therefore, the slope is undefined.
Assignment
Solution:
a.)
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚=
𝑥2 − 𝑥1
−8 − 10 −18
𝑚= = = −3
1 − (−5) 6
Assignment
Solution:
b.)
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚=
𝑥2 − 𝑥1
−1 − 3 −4 1
𝑚= = =
−8 − (4) −12 3
Assignment
Solution:
c.)
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚=
𝑥2 − 𝑥1
−4 − (−4) 0
𝑚= = =0
6 − (−1) 7
Exercises
Solution:
We can compare the steepness using the magnitudes of each slopes
(disregarding the sign). The larger the value of slope, the steeper it is.
For example, a slope of -5 is more steeper that +4 since 5>4.
Exercises
Solution:
At lowest and highest point of the curve, the slope of the tangent is
zero (horizontal line).
When the curve is rising from left to right, then the slope of the tangent
is positive.
When the curve is falling from left to right, then the slope of the
tangent is negative.
Exercises
Solution:
At lowest and highest point of the curve, the slope of the tangent is
zero (horizontal line).
When the curve is rising from left to right, then the slope of the tangent
is positive.
When the curve is falling from left to right, then the slope of the
tangent is negative.
Sequences
Infinite vs. Finite Sequence
Rule and Notation
A sequence usually has a rule, which is a way to find the value of each
term.
Example
Special Sequences: Arithmetic
The limit of a sequence is the value that the terms of a sequence "tend to".
We can see here that the sequence tends to approach the value of
zero. Thus, the limit is zero.
Definition of Limit
Two Basic Limits
Properties of Limits
Examples:
Limits of a Function
*Please see the separate study guide regarding this topic. Thanks!
Slope of a curve at point P
Derivative
Definition of Derivative
Formula:
𝑑 𝑛
𝑥 = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1
𝑑𝑥
Example:
Example:
= 4 4 𝑥 4−1
= 16𝑥 3
Instantaneous Functions
Applications of Derivative
Applications of Derivative
Applications of Derivative
Applications of Derivative
Integral Calculus
Antidifferentiation
𝑛+1
𝑘𝑥
න 𝑘𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
𝑛+1
Or
𝑘𝑥 𝑛+1
𝐷 −1 𝑘𝑥 𝑛 = +𝐶
𝑛+1
Properties
Examples:
Applications
Applications
Solution:
Applications
Solution:
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
Example:
2
𝑥3 2
න 𝑥2
𝑑𝑥 = ቤ
1 3 1
23 13
= −
3 3
8 1
= −
3 3
7
=
3
Examples:
Area under the graph
Area under the graph
Assignment
Assignment
Solution:
Assignment
Solution:
Assignment
Solution:
Assignment
Solution:
Assignment
Assignment
Solution:
Assignment
Solution:
Assignment
Assignment
Solution:
Assignment
Solution:
Assignment
Solution:
Assignment
Solution:
Assignment
Solution:
Assignment
Solution:
2
𝑥4 2
න 𝑥3 𝑑𝑥 = ቤ
0 4 0
24 04
= -
4 4
16 0
= 4
-4
= 4 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠