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“Economic Policies of Different

Philippine Presidents”
Administration of Elpidio Quirino (1948-1953)
● Continued economic policies Roxas started;
● Import Substitution Policy underscored the control on
importation.
Goal: Solve trade deficit to achieve balance of trade (there
is trade deficit when the expenses from import exceed the
export income)
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Administration of Ramon Magsaysay (1954-1957)
● Started to solve problems on land redistribution;
● Land Reform Act of 1955: gave emphasis on the
welfare of the poor farmers who desired to own
agricultural land;
● Established the National Resettlement and
Rehabilitation Act (NARRA) to give land to some
farmers;
● Also established the FACOMA (Farmers’
Cooperative and Marketing Association) to
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organize the farmers
Administration of Carlos P. Garcia (1957-1961)
● Considered as the most decisive administration
● Filipino First Policy
● Objective: to free our economy from foreign
intervention and control
● The control on import, financial loans, foreign
currencies was tightened;
● He gave priority to Filipino industries in the
distribution of resources supported by the Retail
Nationalization Trade Act.
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Administration of Diosdado Macapagal (1961-1965)
● Lifted the control on foreign currencies and
allowed the importation of goods, which resulted
to devaluation
● Economic Policy: “decontrol” = allowing foreign
products to enter freely in our country;
● Signed the Agricultural Land Reform Code –
abolished the Kasama System in tilling the land;
● Paved way to the implementation of land reform;
● Established the Land Bank of the Philippines.
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Administration of Ferdinand E. Marcos (1965-1986)
● Served the government for 20 years, longest term for a Philippine
president;
● Continued the Decontrol Policy of Decontrol Policy of Diosdado
Macapagal;
● At first, the economy was doing well;
● National income increased under Presidential Decree Nos. 2 and
27;
● Declared Martial Law;
● Cronyism and nepotism were rampant;
● Foreign debt became higher and laws became tougher;
● There was a negative figure in national income;
● Public funds were corrupted and missing;
● Economic crisis;
● He was exiled in Hawaii during the height of EDSA I
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Administration of Corazon Aquino (1986-1992)
● First woman president of the country;
● Put into power through a bloodless revolution (EDSA I)
● Democracy was established once again;
● Privatization was the centerpiece of her reform;
● Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP):
emphasize conditions of the farmers through Republic Act
6657;
● Initiated moral recovery among Filipinos;
● Approved the Value Added Tax (VAT) as a tax reform
measure.

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Administration of Fidel Ramos (1992-1998)
● Industrialization was the aspiration;
● Implemented Philippines 2000-Medium Term Philippine
Development Plan; objective: economic improvement and
upliftment through global competitiveness and people
empowerment;
● Continued to attract foreign investors to enter the country and put
their capital in our industries;
● Implemented various tax reforms to have funds;
● “The Sick Man of Asia” (no longer called today)
● Became controversial with the implementation of the Expanded
Value Added Tax (E-VAT) to reform tax collection;
● Our country approved and joined the General Agreement on
Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 7
Administration of Joseph E. Estrada (June 30, 1998 – Jan. 20, 2001)
● 13th president;
● Most celebrated Philippine president;
● Former movie actor; he became a politician;
● Involved in different controversies particularly when he was the
top man of the country;
● Most controversial was the impeachment case which led to his
imprisonment;
● Economic agenda zeroed in on the alleviation of poverty;
● Battle cry was “ERAP Para sa Mahirap.”;
● Gained the heart and support of the Filipino masses;
● Captured the hearts of Filipinos through his charisma;
● He was not able to fulfill his plans and promises to the poor people
because of the sudden change in government leadership 8
Administration of Gloria M. Arroyo (January 20, 2001 – 2010)
● 2nd woman president;
● Was put in power through the EDSA People Power II after Erap’s
controversial impeachment case;
● Focused all its efforts to implement the previous administration programs,
which was not attained;
● Emphasized importance of transparency in the government, to check graft
and corruption;
● Facing many problems like peace and order, high prices, insurgency,
attempt to destabilize the government;
● Trying to improve projects and programs that have already been
implemented by the past administration, particularly projects related to the
upliftment of the economic status of the poor;
● Launched the program: Pagkain sa Bawat Mesa;
● Tried to stabilize the peso-dollar exchange rate
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Administration of Benigno Aquino III
Focused on the promotion of rapid, inclusive, and sustained economic
growth.
● Public-Private Partnership
● Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016
Achieved the full-year average inflation rate for 2012 was at 3.2%—the
lowest recorded inflation rate in five years and lower than the average
inflation rates in Indonesia, Singapore, India, and Vietnam.
Was ranked 65th place from 85th (out of 144 countries) in 2012-two
consecutive 10-place jumps;
Foreign direct investments (FDI) grew by 54% from USD1.8 billion in 2011
to USD2.8 billion in 2012, outpacing Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and
Singapore;
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Administration of Benigno Aquino III
Merchandise exports grew by 7.6% from USD48.30
billion in 2011 to USD51.99 billion in 2012, the highest
recorded export earnings in the country’s history amid
adverse global developments;

Tourism industry passed the four-million international


tourist arrival mark for the first time, with 4.3 million
visitors in 2012, 21.4% higher than the 3.5 million tourist
arrivals in 2010.
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Administration of Benigno Aquino III
In 2013, agriculture registered a 3.3% growth and grossed P352.5 billion at current
prices—a 3.33 percent increase from last year’s record.
Signed Republic Act No. 10667 (the Philippine Competition Act) and Republic Act No.
10668 (the Liberalized Cabotage Law) that would help ensure continued economic and
inclusive growth; the amended Cabotage Law, shippers from Cagayan de Oro can go
straight to Hong Kong. They will pay only $500. They will be able to save $746 per
container. “By allowing foreign ships access to other ports in the country, the
amendments will spur economic activity in these areas beyond Manila, and help free up
space and decongest the Port of Manila, which before was the only place in the country
where these foreign ships could load and off-load their cargo,” the president said.

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Administration of Benigno Aquino III
Republic Act No. 10173, known as the “Data Privacy Act of 2012” Pursuant to the
mandate of the National Privacy Commission to administer and implement the
provisions of the Data Privacy Act of 2012, and to monitor and ensure compliance of
the country with international standards set for data protection, […]

R.A. 10173, SEC.2. Declaration of Policy. – It is the policy of the State to


protect the fundamental human right of privacy, of communication while
ensuring free flow of information to promote innovation and growth. The State
recognizes the vital role of information and communications technology in
nation-building and its inherent obligation to ensure that personal information in
information and communications systems in the government and in the private
sector are secured and protected. 13
Administration of Benigno Aquino III
R.A. 10864 lapsed into law on June 10, 2016: An act defining raw sugar or raw cane
sugar, amending section 109(A) and (F) of the National Internal Revenue Code of
1997, as amended, and for other purposes
Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act No. 10667
SEC. 2. Declaration of Policy. – The efficiency of market competition as a
mechanism for allocating goods and services is a generally accepted precept.
The State recognizes that past measures undertaken to liberalize key sectors in
the economy need to be reinforced by measures that safeguard competitive
conditions. The State also recognizes that the provision of equal opportunities
to all promotes entrepreneurial spirit, encourages private investments, facilitates
technology development and transfer and enhances resource productivity.
Unencumbered market competition also serves the interest of consumers by
allowing them to exercise their right of choice over goods and services offered
in the market.
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Administration of Benigno Aquino III
R.A. 10861
Republic Act No. 10861
Approved on May 23, 2016: An Act establishing a provincial fisheries and
aquatic resources training, development, and product center in each of the
provinces of Leyte, Southern Leyte, Biliran, Eastern Samar, Samar, and
Northern Samar, and appropriating funds therefor
Republic Act No. 10860
Approved on May 23, 2016: An Act establishing a multi-species marine
hatchery in the Municipality of Sultan Naga Dimaporo, Province of Lanao del
Norte and appropriating funds therefor

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Administration of Rodrigo Duterte

President Rodrigo Duterte issued its first memorandum circular which seeks to ensure continuous and
effective delivery of government services to the public.
All government officials and employees were directed to continue serving until July 31 unless their
appointments are revoked, resignations are accepted, replacements appointed or reappointments
issued.
The order covers the following:
1. All government officials and employees whose appointments are coterminous with the appointing
authority and whose positions are within an agency's plantilla except the head of agency
2. Those holding positions whose terms of office have expired, unless otherwise prohibited by law
and/or other government rules and regulations 16
All coterminous positions are considered functus officio or no longer in office by 12 p.m. of June 30
Administration of Rodrigo Duterte

On May 13 Duterte published an “eight-point plan” of economic proposals, which contained a number of
business-friendly proposals designed to reassure investors:
1. Continue and maintain current macroeconomic policies, while reforming the tax collection
system;
2. Accelerate infrastructure spending to reduce inefficiencies in public-private partnerships
(PPP);
3. Improve the investment climate by addressing ownership restrictions to foreign firms;
4. Develop the agricultural sector through business support to farmers;
5. Address bottlenecks in land administration and management systems;
6. Strengthen the educational system to improve the skills of the workforce;
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7. Introduce a lower or more progressive income tax system;
Administration of Rodrigo Duterte
Duterte signs EO on FOI
By Alexis Romero (The Philippine Star) | Updated July 25, 2016 - 12:01am

• Covered offices: all national government executive agencies, GOCCs, state


universities and colleges; LGUs ‘encouraged to observe and be guided’ accordingly
• Covered information: official or public records, documents, transcripts, papers,
photos, film, sound and video recording, electronic data on official acts,
transactions, decisions, research data
• Exemptions: an inventory is being drawn up, based on the Constitution and laws,
most likely to include information involving aspects of national security, public
safety, diplomacy, individual privacy, intellectual property and business proprietary
rights, privileged communication (lawyer-client, doctor-patient, for example)
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Administration of Rodrigo Duterte
Duterte signs EO on FOI
By Alexis Romero (The Philippine Star) | Updated July 25, 2016 - 12:01am

• No FOI request can be denied to cover up a crime, graft and corruption; formal
request needed; reason for request cannot be contrary to law, rules or regulations
• Banned: leaks of personal information that may unduly expose a person to
vilification, harassment or other wrongful acts
• Filing a request for information is free, but fees may be charged for copies of
requested materials
• Requests must be granted or denied within 15 working days; appeals must be filed
within 15 calendar days and settled within 30 working days; an appeal can be
elevated to judicial courts
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List of Philippine Laws toward Education

Designation Date Passed Result

RA 10157 January 20, 2012 The Kindergarten Education Act

RA 10533 May 15, 2013 The Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013

RA 10588 May 27, 2013 Palarong Pambansa Act of 2013

RA 10648 November 27, 2014 Iskolar ng Bayan Act of 2014

RA 10676 August 26, 2015 Student-Athletes Protection Act

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List of Philippine Laws towards Economy vis-à-vis to Education
Designation Date Passed Result

RA 8293 June 6, 1997 The Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines (the copyright law).
RA 9492 July 25, 2007 Mandates the observance of some public holidays to the nearest
weekday. Also known as the Holiday Economics Law.
RA 8981 December 5, 2000 PRC Modernization Act Of 2000 / An act providing for the
modernization of the Professional Regulation Commission.
RA 10844 May 23, 2016 Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT)
Act of 2015
RA 8293 June 6, 1997 The Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines (the copyright law).

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List of Philippine Laws towards Economy vis-à-vis to Education

DepEd Order No 106, s. 2009 amended Section 3.1 Chapter III of DECS Service Manual:
RA 7798 entitled “ An Act Amending Section 25 of Batas Pambansa Blg 232”, otherwise
known as the Education Act of 1982, Section 3.1, Chapter III of DECS Service Manual 2000
is hereby amended, as follows:
Section 1. Establishment of Private Schools
3.1 The establishment of a private school, including the branch or extension class, shall be
subject to the prior approval of the Department pursuant to the provisions of the 1987
Constitution, Act No. 2796, as amended; the Education Act of 1982; and other education-
related or applicable laws. Provided, however, that any private school to be established must
incorporate as either a non-stock or a stock educational corporation in accordance with the
provision of the Corporation Code of the Philippines, and provided, further, that the
requirement of incorporation may be waived by the Department in the case of a family-
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administered school offering pre-elementary school education program.
List of Philippine Laws towards Economy vis-à-vis to Education

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7658


AN ACT PROHIBITING THE EMPLOYMENT OF CHILDREN BELOW 15
YEARS OF AGE IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE UNDERTAKINGS,
AMENDING FOR THIS PURPOSE SECTION 12, ARTICLE VIII OF R. A.
7610.

Section 1. Section 12, Article VIII of R. A. No. 7610 otherwise known as the
"Special Protection of Children Against Child Abuse, Exploitation and
Discrimination Act"
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List of Philippine Laws towards Economy vis-à-vis to Education

DO 8, s. 2007
Revised Implementing Guidelines on the Operation and Management of School
Canteens in Public Elementary and Secondary Schools
3.2 School-Managed Canteen - refers to a school canteen that is operated and managed by the
school under the general supervision of the school head/principal.
3.3 Teachers’ Cooperative Managed Canteen - refers to a school canteen that is operated and
managed by a duly registered teachers’ cooperative.
3.4 Laboratory Canteen - refers to the canteen operated and managed by secondary students
as part of their H.E. classes. It can make use of the facilities of the school-managed canteen or
the teachers’ cooperative- managed canteen in the absence of a separate room that they can
use.
Legal sources: Article 2 of Republic Act No. 6938 to create an atmosphere that is conducive to
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the growth and development of cooperatives. R.A. 10744 and R.A. 9520
Government Policies Toward Religion
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 386
AN ACT TO ORDAIN AND INSTITUTE THE CIVIL CODE
OF THE PHILIPPINES
ARTICLE 32. Any public officer or employee, or any
private individual, who directly or indirectly obstructs,
defeats, violates or in any manner impedes or impairs any
of the following rights and liberties of another person shall
be liable to the latter for damages:
(1) Freedom of religion;
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Government Policies Toward Religion
ARTICLE III, SECTION 5 – FREEDOM OF RELIGION
The right of a man to worship God in his own view is guaranteed by the Bill of
Rights under Article III, Section 5 of the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines which
states that:
“No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free
exercise thereof. The free exervise and enjoyment of religious profession and whoship,
without discrimniation or preference, shall forever be allowed. No religious test shall be
requires for the exercise of civil or political rights.”
Restriction by any law in exercising this right is prohibited by the Constitution
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itself.
List of Philippine Laws towards Gender vis-à-vis to Education

RA 10073 Charter of the Girl Scouts of the Philippines (GSP)

DepEd Order no. 40 s. 2012, it shall be the policy of the school to


promote and provide a policy and guidelines on protecting school
children from any form of abuse, violence, exploitation, discrimination
and bullying.

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List of Philippine Laws towards Gender vis-à-vis to Education
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9710
AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE MAGNA CARTA OF WOMEN
SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy. — Recognizing that the economic,
political, and sociocultural realities affect women’s current condition, the State
affirms the role of women in nation building and ensures the substantive
equality of women and men. It shall promote empowerment of women and
pursue equal opportunities for women and men and ensure equal access to
resources and to development results and outcome…

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List of Philippine Laws towards Sexual Orientation
vis-à-vis to Education
Designation Date passed Result

RA 7610 June 17, 1992 Special Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation and
Discrimination Act

RA 8353 September 30, 1997 The Anti-Rape Law of 1997

RA 10175 September 12, 2012 The Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012

RA 10354 December 21, 2012 The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012

RA 10627 September 12, 2013 Anti-Bullying Act of 2013

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List of Philippine Laws towards Ethnicity vis-à-vis to Education

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8371


AN ACT TO RECOGNIZE, PROTECT AND PROMOTE THE RIGHTS OF
INDIGENOUS CULTURAL COMMUNITIES/INDIGENOUS PEOPLES,
CREATING A NATIONAL COMMISSION ON INDIGENOUS PEOPLES,
ESTABLISHING IMPLEMENTING MECHANISMS, APPROPRIATING
FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

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List of Philippine Laws concerning Education

Thank You!

GEORGE PAZ LUMAYAG


Reporter
http://www.georgelumayag.com/
george.lumayag@deped.gov.ph

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