 Aims and Objectives

•To describe what LPG is, what are the basic

properties of LPG and the influence of these
properties have on the storage, handling and
application of the product

Specific goals are to:

•Demonstrate how these properties
influence the safe handling of LPG.
•Solve basic customer technical queries
about LPG.
•LPG stands for Liquefied Petroleum Gas
- It is a petroleum product that exist as
gas under normal atmospheric conditions
and can be changed into liquid by an
appropriate change in pressure or
temperature.
From (2) General sources;

1. Oil or Gas fields. LPG being

removed as condensable
products from Natural Gas.

2. At the refineries where

crude oil is processed.
LPG is produced by many
refinery activities.
 LPG CRUDE OIL
LPG
OIL FIELDS REFINERY
By Lorry/Truck

By Ship
 H H H H

H C C C C H = BUTANE (C4H10)

H H H H

H H H

H C C C H =PROPANE (C3H8)
H H H
 LPG is used for cooking, commercial and
industrial uses, poultry, automotive and etcs.
Cooking Autogas Barbeque

Heaters
 Grain dryers
Hotels and Poultry farm
restaurants heating

Other industrial
applications
Asphalt spreading Firing ceramics Forging
and pottery

Baking oven
• LPG is liquid inside the container, but immediately
transform to gas when released. As LPG evaporates, it
looks like steam, but quickly
become invisible.
• LPG like any other fuels it is
flammable.
• LPG like any other liquid expands
and contracts with
changes in temperature.
• LPG is colorless, it is as clear as water in the liquid
form.
• LPG is odorless and tasteless.
- an odorant “ethyl mercaptan” is added,
to aid the detection of any leaks. 1 liter of
EM approx. 37 MT of LPG.
• LPG is 60% Butane and 40% Propane.
Liquid Expansion
When filled At maximum local temperature

3% ullage
space

Maximum
safe fill
volume

If over filled
 LPG is slightly heavier than air and hence if there
is a leak it flows to lower lying areas.

 LPG is half lighter than that of a water and hence

it floats initially before it is vaporized.
LPG is heavier than air

AIR = 1
PROPANE = 1.5

LEAKAGE OF LPG WILL FLOW TO GROUND LEVEL AND TEND TO

COLLECT IN LOW LYING AREAS
INCREASING THE POTENTIAL FIRE RISK.
• Important in the event of leaks
-Storage and handling facilities need ventilation at low level
-Avoid ignition sources at ground level
• LPG expands upon release and 1 liter of liquid LPG
will form approximately 250 liters of vapor.
 LPG heating value is 46,800 BTU/KG
 LPG flammability limit is 2% to 9%
 LPG boils at 100F

• LPG is non-toxic but can cause

asphyxiation in very high
concentrations in air.
 LPG heats fast and instantly, thus reduce time.
 LPG equipment controls are simple and easy to
handle.
 LPG can be used in many other ways.
 LPG equipment provide max. eff. At min.
operational cost
 LPG is dependable, no power interruption,
ready supply.
 Installation and operation of LPG equipment
can be easily understood by the user.
 LPG is safer than other sources of fuel.
 LPG is placed in metal containers for easier and
safer transportation and storage. Design,
construction and installation of LPG containers
considered as “Unfired Pressure Vessels” are
governed by standards and codes promulgated by
the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the
National Fire Protection Association and the
Products Standards Agency of the Ministry of
Trade and Industry.
• Portable cylinders – cylinders with capacity up to 50 kgs
are delivered to the customer`s home, already filled up
at the bulk LPG refilling plant.
• Tanks – the other type of fuel container commonly used
is the permanently mounted storage tank. This is
normally refilled at the customer`s place through the
use of a tank truck LPG facility. LPG tanks for
commercial and industrial consumers come in standard
sizes of 120-gallon, 500-gallon, 1,000-gallon and
2,050-gallon water capacity.
2.8 kgs 6 kgs
5 kgs

11 kgs 22 kgs 50 kgs

 Manufacturer`s name:
 PNS 03-01: 2000
 Serial Number xxxx
 Water Content, W.C.24.0 LTRS
 Design Pressure 1.7 MPA
 Test Pressure 3.4 MPA
 Tare Weight, T.W. xxxx kgs.
 Thickness, Thk. 2.7 mm
 Tested Date xxxx
 Made in RP
ABOVEGROUND TANK
MOUNDED TANK
VERTICAL TANK
GUARD HOUSE
STAFF HOUSE
DO
-Have the installation or repair made by a contractor
experienced with these system.

-Periodically, the color of the flames should be

checked. A yellow flame indicates poor combustion.

-Once the system is in operation, a person should use

his nose as well as his eyes. LP Gas has been
odorized so it can be detected. However, exposure
to a small leak for a period of time may desensitize
a person`s ability to smell it.
-Brush on a soap solution and look for bubbles in checking
for leaks.

-Vacate the premises if leak is detected.

-Turn off the LP Gas at tank.

-Ventilate the house or building thoroughly if a leak occurs.

-Remember that the gas is heavier that air and will remain in
low places for a long time.

-Correct the problem before using the system again.

-Have storage tanks placed away from building openings so

any escaping gas cannot enter the building.
DON`T

-Don`t look for a leak with a match, candle, or

other open light.

-Don`t try to repair an unfamiliar system by

yourself. Call an experienced repair man.

-Don`t open the tank valves and allow vapor or

liquid to escape into the air.

-Don`t allow weeds and grass to grow or trash to

collect around the supply tanks.
 BLEVE
 B oiling
 L iquid
 E xpanding
 V apor
 E xplosion

• An explosion caused by a rupture in a container

storing a Liquid above its normal boiling point.
• A BLEVE is always preceded by a FLASH FIRE.
• The best action to take to prevent a BLEVE is to
avoid a fire in every stage of Handling
  SAFETY CREDO
 IT TAKES A MINUTE TO WRITE A SAFETY RULE
 IT TAKES AN HOUR TO HOLD A SAFETY MEETING

 IT TAKES A WEEK TO PLAN A SAFETY PROGRAM

 IT TAKES MONTH TO PUT INTO PRACTICE

 IT TAKES A YEAR TO WIN A SAFETY AWARD

 IT TAKES A LIFETIME TO HAVE A SAFE WORKER

 IT TAKES A SECOND TO DESTROY ALL IN ONE

 SINGLE FIRE
FLAMMABILITY
 LPG will burn in either the liquid or vapor form, but
combustion requires both a source of ignition and a
supply of oxygen.

 These three requirement – LPG (fuel), a source of

ignition and oxygen - are sometimes called “The
internal triangle”. Remove any one of the three and
no combustion can take place.

 The basis of safe handling of LPG as far as

flammability is concerned is to ensure that it has no
contact with either oxygen (air) or a source of
ignition.
 fuel

air
source of ignition
HOWTO USE FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
P A S S
It is easy to remember how to
use a fire extinguisher if you can
Remember the Acronym P A S S,
which stands for Pull, Aim,
Squeeze, and Sweep.
P A S S

Pull the Pin.

This will allow you to
discharge the fire
extinguisher
 P A S S
Aim at the base of the fire.
If you aim at the flames (which is
frequently the temptation), the
extinguishing agent will fly right

im through and do no good. You

want to hit the fuel.
P A S S

Squeeze the top handle or

lever.
Squeeze the handle to
discharge the pressurized
extinguishing agent in the
extinguisher.
P A S S

Sweep from side to side.

Sweep the nozzle back and forth at
the base of the fire. Once the fire
is out, keep an eye on the area in
case it re-ignites.
 PARTS OF A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

Pin
Pressure
Operating
Gauge
Lever

Hose
Body

Nozzle

49
 PARTS OF A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

okay/Usable
pointer

recharge
overcharge
for refill
not okay

Pressure Gauge
 LOADING PORT SHIP / LPG TANKER RECEIVING FACILITY DISCHARGING HOSE RECEIVING PIPELINE

CYL. REFILLING
SALES CENTER DELIVERY TRUCK CYLINDER REFILLING

STORAGE TANKS

TRAILER / LORRY
REFILLING PLANT

BULK FILLING

PORTABLE
DISPENSING STN. LORRY TRUCK
AUTOGAS STATION BULK CUSTOMER
BULK TERMINAL TRAILER / LORRY BULK FILLING STORAGE TANK

SALES CENTER DELIVERY TRUCK CYLINDER REFILLING

• LPG is the Most Dangerous Fuel
- Builds Unnecessary Fear and Apprehension.
- Leads to Panic and Injury in case of
Accidents.

● There are NO DANGERS Involved in

Handling for Safety
- Causes Complacency and disregard for
Safety.
- Leads to Accidents and Personal Injury.