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and leveling
Surveying is the art and sciences of determining of the relative position of
different points or stations on the surface of the earth by measuring the
horizontal and vertical distances, angle, and taking in details of this points
and by preparing map or plan for the suitable scale.
• Chain, tape, compass, level and theodolite are instruments use for
surveying. Surveying fixes the relative position of different points and station on the
surface of the earth.
• Electronics total station and Global Positioning System (GPS) are the modern
electronic digital instruments for the surveying work.
• Remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) are adopted for
Surveying and planning of many civil engineering projects.
OBJECTIVE OF SURVEYING
1. Plans Surveying
2. Geodetic surveying
Plane surveying& Geodetic
surveying
Different between plan surveying and geodetic surveying
Based on
Based on Based on Based on
nature of
Instrument Methods Purposes
field
Classification based upon
Instrument
1. Chain Survey
2. Compass Survey
3. Chain and Compass Surveying
4. Plane Table Survey
5. Theodolite Survey
6. Tachometry Survey
7. Leveling Survey
8. Photogrammetric Survey
9. EDM Survey
The chain surveying
compass
chain
It is a graphical method of surveying in which field
works and plotting both are done simultaneously
The theodolite survey
1. Triangulation
2. Traversing
Classification based on
Purpose
1. Geological Survey
2. Mine Survey
3. Archaeological Survey
4. Military Survey
classification based on
nature of field
1. Land survey
2. Hydrographic survey
3. Astronomic survey
4. Aerial survey
PLANS AND MAPS
Plain scale
Diagonal scale
Chord scale
Vernier scale
Plain scale
Diagonal scale
Vernier scale