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Ultrasound
ULTRASOUND BASICS
What is Ultrasound?
Ultrasound is the use of high
frequency sound waves transmitted
into and reflected back from body
soft tissues.
The amplitude of reflected energy is
proportional to the density
boundaries in the soft tissues.
Reflected energy is then
used to form an image for viewing.
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Ultrasound
Longitunal or Transversal?
Sound Definition
Ultrasound Frequency
0Hz 15Hz 20KHz 1MHz 30MHz
Frequency is measured in Hertz units
as follows: Subsonic Audible
Ultrasonic
Cleaners
Diagnostic
Ultrasound
Acoustic
Microscopy
Frequency
A
C f
t Celerity Vs Medium
Soprano: 80 to 1Khz
Conversation: M.: 100 to 160 Hz
F.: 200 to 320 Hz
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Ultrasound
Velocity of Sound
Material Velocity
(M/s) (mph)
Vacuum 0 0
Air 331 740
Fat 1450 3,224
Water (50C) 1540 3.444
Human Soft Tissue 1540 3,444
Brain 1541 3,447
Liver 1549 3,465
Kidney 1561 3,491
Blood 1570 3,512
Muscle 1585 3,546
Skill/Bone 4080 9.127
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Excess Pressure
Under Pressure
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Ultrasound
Sound Definition
Molecules move in an elastic By definition, sound is a
manner with distorting and mechanical wave motion in
restoring forces like springs. an elastic medium.
Sound cannot travel in a
vacuum; only in a medium MECHANICAL
where molecules occupy
space. WAVE
One usually relates audible
vibrations travelling through MOTION
the air.
However, a more general IN AN
definition which describes all
types of sound energy is ELASTIC
needed in the study of
ultrasound physics. MEDIUM
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Ultrasound
spring a compress
Spring a relax
b compress
Spring a spreads
b relax c compress
spring a shorts
b spreads c relax d compress
Example Wavelength
Sin Wave Form
The velocity of propagation, and
frequency are related by the
wavelength () of sound.
Wavelength is defined as the distance Amplitude (dB)
between any two similar points between
sound waves.
For instance, the distance from one
compression to the next consecutive
compression is equal to one
wavelength.
Wave length is important in determining Period (Sec)
the resolution characteristics of an Wavelength ()
ultrasound beam. in millimeters
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Example Wavelength
Frequency Wavelength
2,25 MHz 0,68 mm
Reverse Piezo-effect
Expansion
Compression
Transmitter Receiver
Application in Ultrasound
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Ultrasound
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Ultrasound
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Ultrasound
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Ultrasound
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Ultrasound
Types of Electronic TX
Endo
superficial Cardiac Abdo/Gyn Neonat
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Ultrasound
Types of Electronic TX
CW
TEE
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Ultrasound
GE Probe Name
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Ultrasound
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Ultrasound
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Ultrasound
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Ultrasound