WHEN YOU ARRIVE…

• Get out a pencil / pen

• Get you’re your notebook / binder
• Make sure you can see the projector
EXPOSURE
SHUTTER SPEED
APERTURE
ISO/ASA
CAMERA OBSCURA
EVOLUTION OF THE CAMERA…

Camera Obscura
Large Format Camera
UNDERSTANDING EXPOSURE
EXPOSRURE is one of the
most critical elements of
photography.
There are three adjustable
elements that control the
exposure:
ISO, Aperture and
Shutter Speed.
(4) ISO
The measure of a camera
sensor’s sensitivity to light

(5) Shutter Speed

The amount of time that
the shutter is open

(11) Aperture
The size of the opening in
the lens when a picture is
taken
SHUTTER SPEED
• Controls the speed at which the shutter opens and closes
• The shutter blocks all light from exposing the film UNTIL you press the button. Then
it quickly opens and closes, giving the film a brief flash of light.
• You can control the length of time the shutter remains open by setting the
SHUTTER SPEED.
• It determines how long the shutter stays open.
• The longer exposures ( like 1 second ) give much more light to the film than a
1/1000 of a second exposure. So even though the number may look bigger, don't be
deceived! (Think fractions….1/2 of a pie is larger than 1/8 of a pie).

Longer shutter speeds = more light

Shorter shutter speeds = less light
WHAT SHUTTER SPEED TO USE
• A standard shutter speed is 1/125 or 1/250 of a second –
these speeds are appropriate for a normally lit outdoor
shoot.
• Bright, sunny day/ excessive light – use a faster speed
such as 1/500
• Overcast or late afternoon – a slower speed should be
used, such as 1/60
• A shutter speed slower than 1/60 of a second should only
be used with a tripod
LIST OF SHUTTER SPEEDS
LIST OF SHUTTER SPEEDS
APERTURE
• Before light reaches film, it must pass through an opening
called an "Aperture".
• Like the pupil in a human eye, the aperture on a camera
controls light. It does so by closing up to restrict light, and
opening to let light in.

Smaller F-stop number = larger aperture opening

Larger aperture openings = more light exposing film
APERTURE
• The f stop number indicates a fraction of the aperture
opening in relation to the focal length of the lens
• Each f stop allows half as much light as the f stop before it

The larger the f stop number, the smaller the hole in the lens
(example f/5.6 is LARGER than f/22)
WHAT APERTURE TO USE
• A standard aperture is around f.8 or f.11

DEPTH OF FIELD
• The easiest way to understand how to control the zone of
focus in a photograph is to remember the following:
• Large f/stop number (for example, f/22) = large DOF
• Small f/stop number (for example, f/4) = small DOF
LIST OF F.STOPS
ISO (INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION FOR STANDARDISATION )
• Is the sensitivity of the film or imaging sensor to light
• The ISO is often referred to as ‘light speed’
• The faster the film speed, the higher the sensitivity of the
film to light
• The higher the number, the higher the degree to sensitivity

High ISO =
Poor lighting conditions (for example indoors without a flash)
 DO NOW
Please get out your camera and find your ISO/ASA,
APERTURE and SHUTTER SPEED.
Set your ISO/ASA to 400.
Set your APERTURE to f/8.
Set your SHUTTER SPEED to 1/250.