w


§ It is the branch of engineering mechanics, which deals

with the force and their effects, while acting upon
bodies in ¬
 
§ w namics ma be further sub-divided in to
§ 1)Kinetics
§ 2)kinematics
 w

§ Kinetics
§ Is the branch of w namics, which deals with the
bodies in motion due to the application of forces.

§ Kinematics
§ Is that branch of w namics, which deals with the
bodies in motion, with out an reference to the force
which are responsible for the motion.
M

§ •he kinematical quantities that describe the motion of
particle are its position vector ¯, is the velocit vector
and its acceleration vector
.
§ ’ Ǯparticleǯ, in d namics, is an bod whose motion
consists purel of translation
§ •ranslation ma be rectilinear (i.e. along a straight
line) or curvilinear (i.e. along a curved path)


§ In pure translation, all points in the bod have same
velocit .
§ •hus an bod , which moves in such a wa that all
points with in it can be said to have the same (or nearl
the same)velocit , is classified as particle.


   
ÉÊËÌËÍÎÌËÍÏÐÑÌÍÎÒÒÌÐÎÓÊËÔÍÕÐÍÕÊËÍÔÐÖÑÕ×ÐØÍÐÏÍÙ×ØËÕ×ÓÔÍÒÌÐÚÖËÛÔÜ
ÝÞßÍà×ÌËÓÕÍÎÒÒÖ×ÓÎÕ×ÐØÍÐÏÍáËâÕÐØãÔÍÔËÓÐØäÍÖÎâÜ
ÝåßÍàãÞÖËÛÚËÌÕãÔÍÒÌ×ØÓ×ÒÖË
ÝæßÍçÔËÍÐÏÍâÐÌÙÍÎØäÍËØËÌèé
ÝàßÍêÐÖÑÕ×ÐØÔÍÚéÍ×ÛÒÑÖÔËÍÎØäÍÛÐÛËØÕÑÛÍÛËÕÊÐäÔ

î
 


ÉÊË ÎÓÓËÖËÌÎÕ×ÐØ ÐÏ Î ÒÎÌÕ×ÓÖË ×Ô ÒÌÐÒÐÌÕ×ÐØÎÖ ÕÐ ÌËÔÑÖÕÎØÕ ÏÐÌÓË ÎÓÕ×Øè ÐØ ×Õ
ÎØä ×Ô ×Ø ÕÊË ä×ÌËÓÕ×ÐØ ÐÏ ÕÊ×Ô ÏÐÌÓËÜ
ë ì Î
âÊËÌË ë ×Ô ÕÊË ÌËÔÑÖÕÎØÕ ÏÐÌÓË ÎØä Î ×Ô ÕÊË ÎÓÓËÖËÌÎÕ×ÐØÜ
ÉÊ×Ô ÌËÖÎÕ×ÐØ ÓÎØ ÚË íËÌ×Ï×Ëä ÐØÖé ËîÒËÌ×ÛËØÕÎÖÖéÜ
ÞÔÔÑÛË ÕÊË Ëî×ÔÕËØÓË ÐÏ Î Ï×îËä ÒÌ×ÛÎÌé ×ØËÌÕ×ÎÖ ÔéÔÕËÛÜ áËâÕÐØãÔ ÔËÓÐØä
ÖÎâ ×Ô íÎÖ×ä ×Ø ÕÊ×Ô ÔéÔÕËÛ ÎÔ âËÖÖ ÎÔ â×ÕÊ ÌËÔÒËÓÕ ÕÐ ÎØé ØÐØÌÐÕÎÕ×Øè
ÌËÏËÌËØÓË ÔéÔÕËÛ ÕÊÎÕ ÕÌÎØÔÖÎÕËÔ â×ÕÊ ÌËÔÒËÓÕ ÕÐ ÕÊË ÒÌ×ÛÎÌé ÔéÔÕËÛ â×ÕÊ Î
ÓÐØÔÕÎØÕ íËÖÐÓ×ÕéÜ êÑÓÊ Î ÔéÔÕËÛ ×Ô ÓÎÖÖËä ÎØ ×ØËÌÕ×ÎÖ ÔéÔÕËÛÜ


   
 

   
n application of Newton's law will be illustrated by solving the dynamics of the
following system



It is desired to find out the acceleration of 30 kg mass , when the chord is being
pulled by (20×9
 N force
w   

§ w¯¯, also known as the 
¯
¯
¯,
§ Is a statement of the fundamental classical laws of motion.

§ It is named after its discoverer,

the French ph sicist and mathematician Ñ
  
  
w   

§ French mathematician wǯ’lembert proved in 1743 that the Newtonǯs
second law of motion is applicable not onl to the motion of a particle
but also to the motion of a bod

§
ma

§
- resultant of force acting on the particle

It ma be written as
-ma

•he term (Ȃma ) ma be looked as the force of magnitude m×a, applied

in opposite direction of motion and termed as inertia force or reverse
effective force.
w   

§ wǯ’lembert looks at the equation
-ma as an
equation of equilibrium and states that Dz• 

 
 

 



    
  
known as wǯ’lemberts principle.
w   

§ •he principle states that the sum of the differences
between the forces acting on a s stem and the time
derivatives of the momenta of the s stem itself along
an virtual displacement consistent with the
constraints of the s stem, is zero.
§ •hus, in s mbols w’lembert s principle is written as
following,

§ Where
§ Ô-are the applied forces,
§ [ is the virtual displacement of the s stem,
consistent with the constraints,
§
 are the masses of the particles in the s stem,
§
 are the accelerations of the particles in the s stem,
§

 together as products represent the time
derivatives of the s stem momenta, and
§  is an integer used to indicate (via subscript) a variable
corresponding to a particular particle.
D 
§ Þ ÓÌÎÕË ÐÏ ÛÎÔÔ ¬ ÌËÔÕÔ ÐØ Î ÓÎÌÕ ÐÏ ÛÎÔÔ Ü ÉÊË ÓÐËÏÏ×Ó×ËØÕ ÐÏ ÏÌ×ÓÕ×ÐØ ÚËÕâËËØ ÕÊË
ÓÌÎÕË ÎØä ÓÎÌÕ ×Ô ÎØä ÚËÕâËËØ ÓÎÌÕ ÎØä ÕÊË ÌÐÎä ×Ô Ü ïÏ ÕÊË ÓÎÌÕ ×Ô ÕÐ ÚË ÒÑÖÖËä Úé Î
ÏÐÌÓË ð ÔÑÓÊ ÕÊÎÕ ÓÌÎÕË äÐ ØÐÕ ÔÖ×Òð äËÕËÌÛ×ØËñ ÝÎß ÕÊË ÛÎî×ÛÑÛ ÎÖÖÐâÎÚÖË
ÛÎèØ×ÕÑäË ÐÏ ÎØä ÝÚß ÕÊË ÓÐÌÌËÔÒÐØä×Øè ÎÓÓËÖËÌÎÕ×ÐØ ÐÏ ÕÊË ÓÎÌÕÜ
D
 

Ôrom Newtons Second Law of motion

g
Ô·

where the force and acceleration are
vector quantities
D
 

•he vectors can be broken into components
similar to equilibrium

¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯
Ô A Ô
A Ô
  
   A 
A 

Ô  Ô  Ô


D
 

Ôrom equilibrium equations

Ô · 
Ô · 
Ô
· 
D
 

•he difference between the equilibrium
equations and the equations of motion is that the
right hand side is no longer zero

Ôî · 
î
Ôé · 
é
ÍÔò · 
ò
‘ 
  
D
 

 raw the Ôree-Body iagram

2 rite the equations of motion
3 Solve for the velocities and accelerations
need or obtain the equations for the
components
 Solve for the forces
 D
‘ 


 D
 


0-kg skydiver falls at
m/s when she
opens her parachute If her speed is
reduced to m/s during the next 60 m of
fall, determine the average force exerted
on her body by the parachute during this
interval
D
‘ 


 D
 

raw the free-body
diagram of the skydiver

Ô§ ·
§
 D
‘ 


 D
 

èewrite the equation

Ô · 
  
  
Ô ·   

•he acceleration is going to be a

constant
Ô
 ·
 



 
D
‘ 


 D
 

•he acceleration is defined as

9 9 9


· ·
9 9
9

9
· 9
o Í óÍ ôÔ

9
·


óÍ ôÔ
9
D
‘ 


 D
 

‘lug in the acceleration
equation
å 

 Ô
 


 

·  


      å 


 Ô 

 
·
 
  


    
Ô · åå
3‘ 


  
•he 2000-lb elevator cage
is brought to rest from an
initial speed of 2 ft/s in a
distance of 0 ft
etermine the uniform
deceleration and the
tension in the elevator
cable while the cage is
coming to rest
D
‘ 


  

•wo bodies  and B with masses of 2 kg and 30 kg,
respectively uring motion of the bodies,

a etermine the acceleration of body  and

tension in the cable connecting the
bodies
b etermine the acceleration of body B if
body  is replaced with a constant force of
2 N
 •he equations are
õ
ÔÞî · Þ
Þî
6  ÔÞ   
ÍÙè  öÜ÷øÍÛôÔ   ·  
ÍÙè
Þî
6

ó

ÔÞé · Þ
Þé
 Þ   
ÍÙè  öÜ÷øÍÛôÔ 6   ·

ó
 Þ · õøõÜö6Íá
Ôåé · å
åé
   õ
ÍÙè  öÜ÷øÍÛôÔ 6
·  õ
ÍÙè
åé
Jse the constraints of the two length of the cable
¦ · 6 ’  å  ÍÓÐØÔÕÎØÕ
6ü’  å ·
ü ü
ü
6ü’ · å
ü üü

•he direction so the block are moving the upward

•he frictional force is

Ԓ · ´ ’ ’ · Ü6ó  õøõÜö6Í
· ù
Ü
Í Í

èearrange the equations in terms of •

•he equations are

• ·  Í   
ÜÍ
•
ÜÍ
åÜÍ ·  Í 
•he equations are

6   õ
ÍÙè  6
Þî  6 ÜõÍá  õøõÜ6ÍáÍ ·  
ÍÙè
Þî

6ù Üo÷Íá ·  øo
ÍÙè
Þî
6

Þî · øÜùøùÍÛôÔ   · øøÜõÍá
•he velocity can be found by using integration of
the acceleration

Ú ·  Í Õ Õ · 

Í ·   Üú úÍ ô 
  Í · Ü Í ô