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PRESENTATION
BY- SHIVAM GAUTAM
B.TECH 2ND YEAR CIVIL
1700668
Topics
Covered
Series and Parallel Branching
Pipes
Moody’s Diagram
Equivalent Pipe Length
Series And Branching
Circuits
In Several practical situations, flow takes place under
a given head through different pipes joined together
either in series or in parallel or in a combination of
both of them.
Pipes In Series
If a pipeline is joined to one or more pipelines in continuation, these are said to
constitute pipes in series.
• Since, the rate of flow remains same in each pipe. Hence,
• 𝑄𝐴 =𝑄𝐵 =𝑄𝐶 =𝑄
• Let,
• Total Head at Section 1- 𝐻1
• Total Head at Section 2- 𝐻2
• By, applying Bernoulli’s equation between section 1 and section 2
• 𝐻1 - 𝐻2 = ℎ𝑓
• Where, ℎ𝑓 is loss of head due to the flow from 1 to 2.
Recognizing the minor and major losses
associated with the flow, ℎ𝑓 can be written as-
2 2
𝜋𝐷𝐴 𝜋𝐷𝐵 𝜋𝐷𝑐2
Q= 𝑉𝐴 = 𝑉𝐵 = 𝑉𝐶
4 4 4
4𝑄 4𝑄 4𝑄
Therefore , 𝑉𝐴 = 2 , 𝑉𝐵 = , 𝑉𝐶 =
𝜋𝐷𝐴 𝜋𝐷𝐵2 𝜋𝐷𝐶2
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
Loss due to abrupt
Friction Loss in Loss due to enlargement Friction Loss in Friction Loss in
contraction at entry to
Pipe A at entry to pipe B Pipe B Pipe C
pipe C
2
ℎ𝑓 = 𝑅𝑄
where, R= R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 + R5
This Equation states that the total flow resistance is equal
to the sum of the difference resistance components.
Therefore, this can be described by an equivalent electrical
circuit as shown in figure
Pipes In Parallel
When two or more pipes are connected, so that the flow divides
and subsequently comes together again, the pipes are said to be in
parallel.
In this Case, equation of continuity gives Q= 𝑄𝐴 + 𝑄𝐵
and
Equating the 2 expressions, we get-
Also, Q= 𝑄𝐴 + 𝑄𝐵
In a Loop