SWE428-eGovernance

Topic: e-Government and e-Governance

G Jagadeesh
Asst. Professor(SG),
School of Information Technology & Engineering
Cabin: SJT G24G
Email: gjagadeesh@vit.ac.in
 e-Government
• Short for electronic government, also known as e-gov,
digital government, online government, or connected
government.
• Is a digital interaction between
− Government and citizens (G2C)
− Government and businesses/ e-Commerce (G2B)
− Between government agencies (G2G)
− Government and employees (G2E)
• Digital interaction consists of
– governance,
– information and communication technology (ICT),
– business process reengineering (BPR), and
– e-citizen at all levels of government (city, state, national,
and international).
e-Gov System Architecture
 E-Governance: Scope and Definition
• E-Governance is a process of reform in the way
governments
– work,
– share information,
– engage citizens and
– deliver services
to external and internal clients for the benefit of
both government and the clients that they
serve.
 E-Governance: Scope and Definition
• Governments harnesses ICT to reach out to citizens,
business, and other arms of the government to:
– Improve delivery of services to citizens, businesses
and employees
– Engage citizens in the process of governance
through interaction
– Empower citizens through access to knowledge and
information
– Make the working of government more efficient and
effective
 E-Governance: Scope and Definition
• The usage of ICT results in
– enhanced transparency,
– convenience and empowerment;
– less corruption;
– revenue growth; and
– cost reduction
 Impact of E-Governance
• Use of ICT in governance leads to several
benefits for stakeholders viz.,
 Higher Productivity
• Efficiency
• Resource optimization
 Enhanced Quality of
• Information delivery
• and Service delivery
 Wider Reach
• Sharing of information
• Welfare
 Benefits of E-governance
• Increased accountability
• Increased transparency
• Higher availability of public domain
information
• Reduced corruption
• Higher penetration due to automation
• Increased efficiency due to connectivity
• Motivation for Process Re-engineering –
technology only a tool not panacea
 Information Access and Service
Delivery models of e-governance

• Broadcasting Model
• Critical Flow Model
• Comparative Analysis Model
• Interactive Service Model
 Growth Stages of E-Governance
• Stage I: Cataloguing
• Stage II: Transaction
• Stage III: Vertical Integration
• Stage IV: Horizontal Integration
• Reference: Developing fully functional E-government: A
four stage model (Karen Layne, Jungwoo Lee, 2001)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S074062
4X01000661
 Stages of E-Governance
• These stages vary on the following aspects
• Technological and Organizational Complexity:
• Simple,
• Moderate,
• Complex
• Level of completeness:
• Sparse,
• Integration,
• Complete
 Stages of E-Governance
• These stages might involve using any of the
following models of information access and
service delivery or a combination of these:
– Broadcasting Model
– Critical Flow Model
– Comparative Analysis Model
– Interactive Service Model
 Stages of E-Governance
• These stages might be observed and/or
applied at all levels of government
– city, state/province,
– national, and
– international.
 Stages of E-Governance
• Stage I: Cataloguing
• Online presence
• Catalogue presentation
• Downloadable forms
• Stage II: Transaction
• Services and forms online
• Working database
• Supporting online transaction
 Stages of E-Governance
• Stage III: Vertical Integration
• Local systems linked to higher level systems
• Within similar functionalities
• Stage IV: Horizontal Integration
• Systems integrated across different functions
• Real one-stop for citizens services
 e-Governance in India
• e-Governance in India has steadily evolved from
computerization of Government Departments to
initiatives that encapsulate the finer points of
Governance, such as citizen centricity, service
orientation and transparency.
• Lessons from previous e-Governance initiatives have
played an important role in shaping the progressive
e-Governance strategy of the country.
• Programme approach has the potential of enabling
huge savings in costs through sharing of core and
support infrastructure, enabling interoperability
through standards, and of presenting a seamless
view of Government to citizens.
 eGov: Conceptual Architecture
Target Segments Citizens, Businesses, NGOs, Industries, Government
Departments

Intermediaries
(Consultants, Institutes)

Data Communication
Mobile Phones Computers Kiosks Call Center Television
Devices

State Wide Area Networks Data Communication

Channel Email
SWANs Applications

Data Processing
E-Databank Office Automation
Processing Applications

Source Data Government Data

 7 Steps in Implementation
1. Conceptualize
2. Architect
3. Develop
4. Pilot
5. Rollout
6. Evaluate
7. Enhance
 Challenges and issues in e-gov
implementation
• Challenges include the following
– Trust
– Resistance to change
– Digital Divide
– Cost
– Privacy and Security
• Major implementation issues could be categorized as
follows:
– Technological
– Application Planning
– Change Management
– Financial
Other issues in e-Gov implementation
• Common Standards
– All states/ union territories must be adopt
common standards to ensure creation and
optimum utilization of government databases for
nationwide citizen-related services.
• Technology evaluation
– Common evaluation methodology must be
evolved for hardware and software selection to
derive maximum benefit from investment.
– Technological obsolescence must be factored in
while planning and implementing ICT applications.
Other issues in e-Gov implementation
• Experience sharing
– Continuous experience sharing between state and
union territory governments on projects so as to avoid
reinventing the wheel.
• Security
– Transactional security must ne given priority to ensure
that internet use is safe, seamless and crisis free.
• Reliable infrastructures
– Sufficient resources must be allocated to build a
reliable ICT infrastructure to avoid breakdown of
services. Cementing public-private partnerships to
supplement government efforts must be considered.