Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 2
Atoms and
Elements
• J. J. Thomson had
discovered the
electron, a negatively
charged, low mass
particle present within
all atoms.
• Solution:
– Convert the percent abundance to decimal
form and multiply it with its isotopic mass:
Cl-37 = 0.2423(36.97 amu) = 8.9578 amu
Cl-35 = 0.7577(34.97 amu) = 26.4968 amu
Atomic Mass Cl = 8.9578 + 26.4968 = 35.45 amu
Solution:
Tro: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2/e 85 Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Practice – Ga-69 with mass 68.9256 amu and abundance of
60.11% and Ga-71 with mass 70.9247 amu and abundance of
39.89%. Calculate the atomic mass of gallium.
Given: Ga-69 = 60.11%, 68.9256 amu
Ga-71 = 39.89%, 70.9247 amu
Find: atomic mass, amu
Conceptual isotope masses,
Plan: avg. atomic mass
isotope fractions
Relationships:
Solution:
Tro: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2/e 87 Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Example 2.6: Calculate the number of
atoms in 2.45 mol of copper
Given: 2.45 mol Cu
Find: atoms Cu
Conceptual mol Cu atoms Cu
Plan:
Tro: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2/e 88 Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Practice — A silver ring contains 1.1 x 1022 silver
atoms. How many moles of silver are in the ring?
Tro: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2/e 89 Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Practice — A silver ring contains 1.1 x 1022 silver atoms.
How many moles of silver are in the ring?
Tro: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2/e 90 Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chemical Packages - Moles
• Mole = number of particles equal to the
number of atoms in 12 g of C-12
1 atom of C-12 weighs exactly 12 amu
1 mole of C-12 weighs exactly 12 g
• The number of particles in 1 mole is called
Avogadro’s Number = 6.0221421 x 1023
1 mole of C atoms weighs 12.01 g and has
6.022 x 1023 atoms
the average mass of a C atom is 12.01 amu
Tro: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2/e 91 Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Relationship Between
Moles and Mass
• The mass of one mole of atoms is called
the molar mass
• The molar mass of an element, in grams,
is numerically equal to the element’s
atomic mass, in amu
• The lighter the atom, the less a mole
weighs
• The lighter the atom, the more atoms
there are in 1 g
Tro: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2/e 92 Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Mole and Mass Relationships
1 mole 1 mole
sulfur carbon
32.06 g 12.01 g
Tro: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2/e 93 Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Example 2.7: Calculate the moles of carbon in
0.0265 g of pencil lead
Given: 0.0265 g C
Find: mol C
Conceptual gC mol C
Plan:
Tro: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2/e 94 Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Practice — Calculate the moles of sulfur in
57.8 g of sulfur
Tro: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2/e 95 Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Practice — Calculate the moles of sulfur
in 57.8 g of sulfur
Given: 57.8 g S
Find: mol S
Conceptual gS mol S
Plan:
Solution:
Tro: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2/e 96 Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Example 2.8: How many copper atoms are in a
penny weighing 3.10 g?
Given: 3.10 g Cu
Find: atoms Cu
Conceptual g Cu mol Cu atoms Cu
Plan:
Solution:
Tro: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2/e 97 Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Practice — How many aluminum atoms are in
a can weighing 16.2 g?
Tro: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2/e 98 Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Practice — How many aluminum atoms
are in a can weighing 16.2 g?
Given: 16.2 g Al
Find: atoms Al
Conceptual g Al mol Al atoms Al
Plan:
Solution:
Tro: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2/e 99 Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.