Graphical Method

a. Parallelogram method
b. triangle method
A. choose the convenient scale
B. Draw the vectors on the Cartesian plane
both from point 0.
C. Complete the Parallelogram. Then draw
the diagonal line from the origin 0 or the
starting point to the opposite intersection of
the projected lines.
The diagonal line dr, is the resultant
displacement. Measure its magnitude in cm then
multiply by the scale
 Triangle Method
 Draw the first vector d, starting from the origin O. Use
the same scale.
 At the tip of the first vector, draw the second vector
perpendicular to the first.
 Draw the diagonal line from the origin O to the tip of
the second arrow. This is the resultant of the two
vectors.
 Measure the magnitude and the direction of the
resultant displacement.
Analytical Method Pythagorean
Theorem
2 2 2
𝑎 +𝑏 =𝑐

 And the direction can be determined by

using the trigonometric function
Uniform Motion and Velocity
 Consider an object moving in constant velocity in a
straight path with a particular direction. When both the
velocity and the direction remain the same, we say the
velocity is constant. Such motion is called uniform
motion.
d(m) C
750
B

500
D
A
250

0 100 200 300 400 500 t(s)

 Look at the graph and answer the following questions:
1. When was the jogger running the fastest?
2. What was the farthest distance reached by the jogger?
3. When did the jogger rest?
4. Calculate the jogger’s displacement for the following
time intervals:
a. 0 t0 200s c. 300s to 500s
b. 100 to 300s d. 0 t0 500s
5. Solve the velocity at paths A, B, C and D.
6. What is the total distance traveled by the jogger?
 Velocity = vector quantity of displacement of an object
over the time interval. Direction is taken into
consideration
𝑑
v=
𝑡
 Speed is a scalar quantity that describe how fast an
object is moving.
𝑑
s=
𝑡
Instantaneous,average and uniform speed
Instantaneous speed is the speed at a particular instant.
Time, t Instantaneous Notice that the
speed instantaneous speed is
(s) Km/hr different at every 10 secs.
10 10
20 20 It is not the same as
30 30 average speed.
40 40
50 50
Average speed is the average of all the
instantaneous in a particular time interval.

10 km 20 km 30km 40km 50km

5
hr hr hr hr hr

= 30 km/hr
Average velocity takes into consideration the direction.
Average speed may not necessarily be its average velocity
unless the direction does not change throughout the travel.
A car starts from the rest and moves 10km/hr
eastward, 20km/hr eastward, 30km/hr westward,
40 km/hr eastward and 50km/hr westward.
What is the average speed?
What is the average velocity?

Uniform speed is described as moving covering

equal distances at equal time intervals.
 Acelleration is a vector quantity which is
described as the rate of change in the
body’s velocity in an interval
 We often hear the word acceleration and associate
it to a fast moving body.
 When there is a change in the velocity of a moving
body such as a change in the body’s speed or
direction, the body is said to be accelerated.
The data below shows an accelerating body:

Time, t velocity, V For every time interval

of 1 second, the
(s) m/s
velocity of the object
1 5 changes at 5m/s. The
2 10 body is accelerating
3 15 at 5m/s in every
4 20 second or 5m/s².
5 25
 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
a= 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙
𝑉𝑓 −𝑉𝑖
a= 𝑡
Example: A car starts from rest and increases its
velocity at a constant rate until it reaches a speed
of 20 m/s in 5 seconds. What is the average
acceleration of the car.
 Uniform and Non-Uniform
Acceleration
1.25 1.25

1.0 1.0
Velocity (m)/s

Velocity (m)/s
0.75 0.75

0.5 0.5

0.25 0.25

0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
Time (s) Time (s)

Velocity – Time graph Velocity – Time graph

Uniform Acceleration Non-uniform Acceleration
Acceleration = 0.0125 m/s2
 Sample Problem
25

Which object has the maximum

20
acceleration?
 D (1m/s2)
Velocity (m/s)

15
Which object has no acceleration?
 C (0m/s2)
10
How much distance is covered by object
D in 20 seconds?
5
 400m

0
0 10 20 30 40 50
Time (s)