Introduction

to
Conic Sections
Tell me, what do you see?
A Double-Napped Circular Cone

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A Double-Napped Circular Cone

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 Conic Sections

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 A Double-Napped Circular Cone
It is the shape formed when two
congruent cones put on top of each
other, their tips touching and their
axes aligned, with each are extending
indefinitely away from their tips.

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 Parts of a Double-Napped Circular Cone
 Central Axis  Upper and
 Generators Lower Nappes
 Vertex  Vertex Angles
 Circular Base

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 The Central Axis
It is the vertical line down
the middle of a double-napped
cone. Also, it is the line that
remain at fixed.

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 The Generators
These are the diagonal sides
of the double-napped cone.
Also, it is the line that rotates
about the fixed point.

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 The Vertex

It is the point at the

center of a double-napped
cone. Also, it is a fixed
point.
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 The Upper and Lower Nappes

These are the lateral

surfaces of the double-right
circular cone.

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 The Vertex Angle
It is the angle between
the central axis and the
generator. It is denoted by
α.

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 Something to think about…

What will happen if

a plane intersects a
double-napped
circular cone?
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Figure 1: Circle
 When Does a Circle Formed?
A circle is produced
when the plane passes
through one nappe only,
perpendicular to the
central axis.

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 Relationship of Angle α and Angle β
When the angle made by the
plane and the central axis (β)
is exactly 90°, the conic
section is a circle.

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Figure 2: Ellipse
 When Does an Ellipse Formed?
An ellipse is produced when
the plane passes through one
nappe only, between the
generator and perpendicular.

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 Relationship of Angle α and Angle β
When the angle made by the
plane and the central axis (β)
is greater than the vertex
angle (α) the conic section is
an ellipse.

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Figure 3: Parabola
 When Does a Parabola Formed?
A parabola is produced
when the plane passes
through one nappe parallel
to the generator.

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 Relationship of Angle α and Angle β
When the angle made by the
plane and the central axis (β) is
equal to the vertex angle (α) the
conic section is a parabola.

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Figure 4: Hyperbola
 When Does a Hyperbola Formed?
A hyperbola is produced
when the plane passes through
both nappes, between the
central axis and the generator.

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 Relationship of Angle α and Angle β
When the angle made by the
plane and the central axis (β) is
less than the vertex angle (α) the
conic section is a hyperbola.

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 The Conic Sections
The Circle
The Ellipse
The Parabola
The Hyperbola

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 Something to think about…
What have you
observed on how four
conic sections were
formed?

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What have you Observed?
 Take Note:
The basic four conic sections
can only be produced when
the plane does NOT pass
through the vertex.

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 Something to think about…
What will happen if
the plane passes
through the vertex?

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Figure 5: Degenerated Circle

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Case 1: Degenerated Circle

A circle will
degenerate into a
point.

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Figure 6: Degenerated Ellipse

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Case 2: Degenerated Ellipse

An ellipse will

degenerate into a
point.
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Figure 7: Degenerated Parabola

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Case 3: Degenerated Parabola
A parabola will
degenerate into a
single line.

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Figure 8: Degenerated Hyperbola

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Case 4: Degenerated Hyperbola
A hyperbola will
degenerate into two
intersecting lines.

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The Three Degenerate Conic Sections
1. A Point
2. A Single Line
3. Two Intersecting
Lines

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 Something to think about…
 If two intersecting lines, a
single line, and a point constitute
the degenerate conic sections,
then what are the non-
degenerate conic sections?

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The Non-Degenerate Conic Sections
1. Circle
2. Ellipse
3. Parabola
4. Hyperbola

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 Something to think about…
Is it possible to determine
the type of conic sections we
have if the only given is its
equation?

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 Classroom Task 1:
Determine the type of
conic section that each
general equation will
produce:

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 Classroom Task 1:
a.9x  9 y  6x 18y 11  0
2 2

b.4x  4xy  y  8x  24y  36  0

2 2

c.2x  4 y  8x  24y  44  0
2 2

d.4x  6xy  2 y  4x  2 y  43  0
2 2

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 Take Note:
The graph of the second-
degree equation of the form
Ax  Bxy  Cy  Dx  Ey  F 0
2 2

is determined by the values of

B  4AC.
2

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 Something to think about…
Why do you think our four
basic conic sections have the
graph of the second-degree
equation?

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 Something to think about…
What do you still
remember about
B  4 AC ?
2

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 Discriminant
 In a quadratic equation, the
discriminant helps tell you the number of
real solutions to a quadratic equation.
The expression used to find the
discriminant is the expression located
under the radical in the quadratic
formula.

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 Table 1: Graphs of Second-Degree Equation
Value of the
Conic Section Eccentricity
Discriminant

B 2  4AC  0;
Circle B = 0 or A = C e 0

Parabola B 2  4AC  0 e 1
B 2  4AC  0
Ellipse B = 0 or A ≠ C 0  e 1

Hyperbola B 2  4AC  0 e 1
Something to think about…
What is
eccentricity?

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 Eccentricity
The eccentricity, denoted by e or ε,
is a parameter associated with every
conic section. It can be thought of as a
measure of how much the conic section
deviates from being circular.

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Understanding Eccentricity
 Example 1:
 Determine the type of
conic section that each
general
equation will produce:
a.9x  9 y  6x 18 y 11  0
2 2

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 Final Answer:
Take note that in
9x  9 y  6x 18 y 11  0
2 2

B = 0 and A = C. Thus, the

conic section is a circle.

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 Example 2:
 Determine the type of
conic section that each
general
equation will produce:
b.4x  4xy  y  8x  24 y  36  0
2 2

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 Final Answer:
Thus, the conic section for
4x  4xy  y  8x  24 y  36  0
2 2

is a parabola.

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 Example 3:
 Determine the type of
conic section that each
general
equation will produce:
c.2x2  4 y 2  8x  24 y  44  0

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 Final Answer:
Take note that in
2x  4 y  8x  24 y  44  0
2 2

B = 0 and A ≠ C. Thus, the conic

section is an ellipse.

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 Example 4:
 Determine the type of
conic section that each
general
equation will produce:
d.4x 2  6xy  2 y 2  4x  2 y  43  0

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 Final Answer:
Thus, the conic section for
4x  6xy  2 y  4x  2 y  43  0
2 2

is a hyperbola

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 Performance Task 1:
Please download, print
and answer the “Let’s
Practice 1.” Kindly work
independently.

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