By: Christopher B.

Lorezo
 OBJECTIVES
• AT THE END OF THE TRAINING
PARTICIPANTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO DEMONSTRATE:

• HOW TO ASSESS THE COLLAPSED VICTIM.

• HOW TO PERFORM CHEST COMPRESSION AND RESCUE
BREATHING.
• HOW TO PLACE AN UNCONSCIOUS BREATHING VICTIM IN THE
RECOVERY POSITION.
 CPR
Cardio (HEART) Pumonary (Lungs) Resuscitation (Revival)

Is an emergency procedure that combines chest compressions

often with artificial ventilation in an effort to manually preserve
brain function until further measures are taken to return of
spontaneous Circulation (ROSC) and breathing in person who is
in cardiac arrest.
10 FACTS ABOUT SUDDEN CARDIAC
ARREST & CARDIO PULMONARY
RESUSCITATION (CPR)
 1
Heart diseases are the number 1 killer in our
country, and approximately
Half of all deaths from cardiovascular
disease occur as Sudden Cardiac Arrest
 2
Sudden cardiac arrest can happen at any
time, to anyone, anywhere without warning
 3
Sudden cardiac arrest is associated with
low survival, and major long term severe
mental impairment due to delays in CPR and
treatment.
 4
Majority of cardiac arrests occur outside the
hospital, at home, in the workplace and in
public institutions.
 5
Almost 80% of out of out-of-hospital cardiac
arrests occur at home and are witnessed by
a family member.
 6
Unfortunately, only about 4 – 6 percent of
sudden cardiac arrest victims survive
because of majority of those witnessing the
arrest are people who do not know how to
perform CPR.
 7
If sudden cardiac death occurs outside the
hospital setting, CPR must begin within 4 to
6 minutes to avoid brain death.
 8
CPR is simple emergency procedure that
can be learned by anyone.
 9
It requires no special medical skills and
training is available for the ordinary person
nationwide.
 10
Effective CPR done immediately after
cardiac arrest can Double a victim’s chance
of survival.
If more people knew CPR, more lives could
be saved.

Learn CPR today! The next life you save can

be your loved ones.
MOST COMMON CAUSES OF CARDIAC ARREST
• Myocardial infarction
• Trauma
• Poisoning
• Drowning
• Hypothermia
HISTORY OF CPR
 BLS 2015 UPDATE

C Compression
A Airway
B Breathing
 Verify scene safely
Check responsiveness
Shout for help
Check pulse and breathing
CPR
30 chest compressions
2 rescue breaths
 APPROACH SAFELY!

Verify scene safely

SCENE Check responsiveness

Shout for help
RESCUER
Check pulse and breathing

VICTIM CPR
30 chest compressions
BYSTANDERS 2 rescue breaths
CHECK RESPONSE
Verify scene safely
Check responsiveness
Shout for help
Check pulse and breathing
CPR
30 chest compressions
2 rescue breaths
CHECK RESPONSE

Shake shoulders gently

Ask “Are you all right?”
If he responds
• Leave as you find him.
• Find out what is wrong.
• Reassess regularly.
SHOUT FOR HELP
Verify scene safely
Check responsiveness
Shout for help
Check pulse and breathing
CPR
30 chest compressions
2 rescue breaths
CHECK PULSE & BREATHING SIMULTANEOUSLY
Verify scene safely
Check responsiveness
Shout for help
Check pulse and breathing
CPR
30 chest compressions
2 rescue breaths
 AGONAL BREATHING
• OCCURS SHORTLY AFTER THE HEART STOPS
IN UP TO 40% OF CARDIAC ARRESTS

• DESCRIBED AS BARELY, HEAVY, NOISY OR GASPING

BREATHING

• RECOGNIZED AS A SIGN OF CARDIAC ARREST

HEART ATTACK
CARDIAC ARREST
30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS
Verify scene safely
Check responsiveness
Shout for help
Check pulse and breathing
CPR
30 chest compressions
2 rescue breaths
CHEST COMPRESSIONS
• Place the heel of one hand in the
centre of the chest
• Place other hand on top
• Interlock fingers
• Compress the chest
– Rate 100 -120 min-1
– Depth 5-6 cm
– Equal compression : relaxation
• When possible change CPR operator
every 2 min
30 : 2
 CPR OUTCOME
• In first 4 minutes – brain damage is unlikely, if
CPR started
• 4 – 6 minutes – brain damage possible
• 6 – 10 minutes – brain damage probable
• > 10 minutes – severe brain damage is certain

Cells of the brain cortex

• Most sensitive for the stop of pefusion and
oxygenation
Without perfusion and oxygenation

 irreversibly damaged after 3-5 minutes

RESCUE BREATHS
Verify scene safely
Check responsiveness
Shout for help
Check pulse and breathing
CPR
30 chest compressions
2 rescue breaths
RESCUE BREATHS • PINCH THE NOSE
• TAKE A NORMAL BREATH
• PLACE LIPS OVER MOUTH
• BLOW UNTIL THE CHEST
RISES
• TAKE ABOUT 1 SECOND
• ALLOW CHEST TO FALL
• REPEAT
 CONTINUE CPR
30 compressions
for 5 cycles

30 2
MOUTH TO MOUTH RESUSCITATION

When victim has pulse and still

not breathing, Give 1 ventilation
every 5 – 6 seconds or 10 – 12
breaths per minute.
•THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
• OXYGENE CONTENT
• IN ATMOSPHERIC AIR - 21%
• IN ALVEOLI – 14-15%
• EXPIRED AIR – DILUTED BY AIR FROM THE AIRWAYS (DEAD SPACE)
• - 16 – 18 % O2
PROVIDED THAT THERE IS AN ADEQUATE AMOUNT OF EXPIRED AIR
REACHING THE VICTIM'S LUNGS, OXYGEN DELIVERY WILL BE
SUFFICIENT TO ENSURE THAT THE VICTIM'S HAEMOGLOBIN WILL BE
OVER 80% SATURATED WITH OXYGEN.
 GO ON COMBINING 30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS
WITH 2 RESCUE BREATHS.

ONLY STOP WHEN:

• PROFESSIONAL HELP TAKES OVER

• YOU ARE EXHAUSTED
• THE VICTIM STARTS BREATHING NORMALLY
HANDS ONLY CPR
IF VICTIM STARTS TO BREATHE NORMALLY PLACE IN
RECOVERY POSITION
• It ensures the tongue is held in forward position
• It reduces the chance of inhalation of any expelled
gastric contents
HIGH QUALITY CPR
ANY QUESTIONS IN CPR?
 CHOKING
• MILD AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
(EFFECTIVE COUGH, BREATHE, CONSCIOUS,
SPEAK)

ENCOURAGE CONTINUED COUGHING,

OBSERVING FOR RELIEF OF THE OBSTRUCTION
Severe airway obstruction – conscious (unable
to speak, to breathe, to cough)

5 back blows
5 abdominal thrust
Severe airway obstruction –
unconscious

Start CPR
(even if the puls is present)
CHOKING
THANK YOU VERY MUCH !