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LEARNING
Learning
IVAN PAVLOV
(1849-1939) Physiologist
A. Reinforcement
B. Punishment
Timing of reinforcement
Positive Punishment
Reinforcement
Punishment Negative
reinforcement
Operant reinforcers
Primary reinforcer: unlearned and natural ;satisfies
physiological needs (food, water)
Secondary reinforcer: learned
reinforcer (money, grades,
approval, praise) ; gains reinforcing properties by
associating with a primary reinforcer
Token reinforcer: tangible secondary reinforcer
Operant Description
How Positive and NegativeOutcome
ReinforcementExample
and
conditioning term
Punishment Influence Behavior
Positive reinforcement Add or increase a Behavior is Giving a student a
pleasant stimulus strengthened prize after he gets
an A on a test