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Buckling
Fall 2010
Dr. Gupta
Dr. Pickett
1
Buckling = the lateral deflection
of long slender members
caused by axial compressive forces
Buckling of Columns
Buckling
of
Diagonals
Buckling of Beams
Column Buckling Theory uses
ASSUMPTIONS OF BEAM BENDING THEORY
Column Length is Much Larger Than
Column Width or Depth.
so most of the deflection is caused by bending,
very little deflection is caused by shear
Column Deflections are small. E
Column has a Plane of Symmetry.
Resultant of All Loads acts
Y
in the Plane of Symmetry.
σBuckle
Column has a Linear
Stress-Strain Relationship.
Ecompression = Etension
σyield compression = σyield tension Y
F
F
F Δ=small Δ=grows
F F
F F Δ=small F Δ=grows
NEUTRAL SURFACE:
- plane on which
NO change
in LENGTH occurs.
Cross Sections
perpendicular to
Longitudinal axis
Rotate about the
NEUTRAL (Z) axis.
Tension P P
Tension
Elastic Buckling Theory – Ideal Column
Compression
From Moment curvature relationship;
M M
Negative Curvature Positive Curvature
P P
Compression
Tension
x 0 M x P( y ) 0 M x P( y )
Tension
d2y d2y
0 EI 2 Py 0 EI 2 Py
dx dx P
P
Compression
Tension Tension
Tension
Compression Tension
Elastic Buckling Theory – Ideal Column
d2y
For Either Curvature : 0 EI 2 Py
dx
Assume : y ASin(mx) BCos (mx)
dy
mACos(mx) mBSin (mx)
dx
d2y
2
m 2
ASin ( mx) m 2
BCos (mx)
dx
d2y
Substitue int o : 0 EI 2 Py
dx
0 m 2 EI ASin(mx) BCos (mx) PASin(mx) BCos (mx)
0 P m 2 EI ASin(mx) BCos (mx)
0 P m 2 EI Thus : m P
EI
the solution becomes :
P P
y ASin x BCos x
EI EI
Elastic Buckling Theory – Ideal Column
x=L y=0
d2y
For Either Curvature : 0 EI 2 Py
dx
P P
y ASin x BCos x
EI EI L
x
For a Pin Pin Column :
at x 0 y 0 0 ASin(0) BCos (0)
y
0B
at xL y0 x=0 y=0
P
0 ASin ( x L)
EI
Buckling never occurs if A 0
P
Thus must have : 0 Sin L
EI
Elastic Buckling Theory – Ideal Column
x=L y=0
P P
The Buckling equation is : y ASin x BCos x
EI EI
2 EI
Pcritical
L2
Elastic Buckling Theory – Ideal Column
x=L y=0
P
For a Pin Pin Column : L 0, ,2 ,3 ,...n
EI
n number of half Sine waves in buckled shape
n 2 2 EI 2 EI 2 EI 2 EI
Thus : Pcritical
L 2
2
n
2
L 2 Leffective KL 2
L
x
L
Effective Length of Column Leffective KL
n
KL Leffective Length of a Pin Pin Column y
having the SAME Buckling Load
as the ACTUAL Column
x=0 y=0
1 1
K
n n number of half Sine waves
PB 0.5 of
PA
0.5LA
Pin Fixed Half Sine
Wave
Half
0.5LC=Leff
Half
LA=Leff
Sine LB 0.5LB=Leff Sine LC
LA
Wave Wave
0.5 of
Fixed
0.5LA
Pin PB Half Sine PC
PA Fixed
Wave
n 1.0 K 1.0 n 2.0 K 0.5 n 2.0 K 0.5
Leff 1.0 LA Leff 0.5( LB LA ) Leff 0.5( LC 2 LA )
2 EI 2 EI 4 2 EI 2 EI 2 EI
PAcr PBcr PCcr
LA 2 0.5LA 2
LA 2 0.52LA 2
LA 2
PBcr 4 PAcr LB LA PCcr PAcr LC 2 LA
2 EI 2 EI 2 EI 1
Pcritical
L n K PE
L effective
2 2
2
KL 2
n Free
PA PD
0.7071LD=Leff
Sine Wave
Pin
LE =LA
0.5 of Half
Pin
Half Half
2LE=Leff
LA=Leff Sine
Sine LD
Wave Wave
PE
0.414 of
Pin Fixed PD Half Sine
PA Fixed Fixed
Wave
n 1.0 K 1.0 n 1.414 K 0.7071 n 0.5 K 2.0
Leff 1.0 LA Leff 0.7071( LD LA ) Leff 2( LE LA )
2 EI 2 EI 2 2 EI 2 EI 0.25 2 EI
PAcr PDcr PEcr
LA 2 0.7071LA 2
LA 2 2LA 2 LA 2
PDcr 2 PAcr LD LA PEcr 0.25PAcr LE LA
Elastic Buckling Theory – Ideal Column
x=L y=0
2 EI 2 EI 2 EI 1
Pcritical
L effective
2
L n
2
2
KL2
K
n
2E
Critical_ Buckle for var ious end conditions
KL / r 2
KL
effective slendernes s ratio
r
RADIUS OF GYRATION
B&J 8th, Section: 9.5
P
2E
2
r A
Critical_ Buckle 2 E
σ
σcrcr
KL r 2
KL
BUCKLING=
KL/r
IX IY
rX rY
A A
rX
I
rX X
I IN 4 A
r IN
A IN 2
31
32
33 20
34
35
36 15 Theoretical
37
38
39 10 Experimental
40
41
42
43
5
44
45
46 0
47
48 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
49
50 Slenderness Ratio (KL/ry)
51
52
Elastic Buckling Theory – Ideal Column Pcr=0.25PAcr for L=LA
2 EI 2 EI 2 EI 1
Pcritical
L
effective
2
L n
2
2
KL2
K
n
L=LA
PAcr Pcr = 2PAcr for L=LA
Pcr = 4PAcr for L=LA
Leff=2L
Leff=0.7L
LA L=LA Leff=0.5L L=LA
L=LA