“A cross sectional study of Pengawas Minum

Obat (PMO) in going hand in hand with

tuberculosis patients in Jakarta Respiratory
Center (JRC) – The Indonesian Association
Against Tuberculosis”

Fabianto Santoso*, Nathania Sutisna**, Yenna Tasia***, Eka S. Nugraha*

*AMSA-Universitas Indonesia
** AMSA-Universitas Pelita Harapan
*** AMSA-Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya

Presented in The 19th Asia Pacific Society of Respirology Congress 2014

in Bali, Indonesia
 BACKGROUND
Political commitment with
increased and sustained
financing
“Pengawas Minum Obat” or direct
observation of medication ingestion
Monitoring
To and
increase the adherence. Case detection through
evaluation system, and quality-assured
impact measurement DOTS bacteriology

Standardized treatment,
An effective drug supply
with supervision and
and management system
patient support
 PMO STRATEGY
INDONESIA SINGAPORE INDIA
Appointing someone Trained healthcare Trained healthcare
to support TB professionals are professionals or
patients and appointed to other trained
reminding them to supervise TB patients*. personnel who are
take their medication not family members
regularly. of the TB patients
are appointed to be
the supervisor**
** Ministry of Health and Family
*Ministry of Health of Singapore. TB Welfare of India. TBC India
Statistics [internet]. Available on: [internet]. Available on:
http://www.moh.gov.sg http://www.tbcindia.nic.in
 METHODS
CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

22 SAMPLES

MEDICAL RECORD INTERVIEW

CONCLUSION
 RESULTS
Relationship between Relationship between
education of PMO and occupation of PMO
their role and their role

High Educated Low Educated Working Not Working

2
9 10 4
4
7
6 2
Yes No
Yes No
Helped by PMO
p = 0.318 Helped by PMO
p = 0.631
High educated: undergraduate and senior Working: enterpreneur and
high school graduate. employee
Low educated: below high school graduate. Not working: student and housewife
 RESULTS
Relationship between duration of treatment
and the role of PMO
Duration of Treatment (Median)

196

167

Yes No
Helped by PMO
p = 0.597
 DISCUSSION
EDUCATION – PMO
Regardless of their education
level, they can carry out their task
well as long as they committed.
OCCUPATION – PMO
As long as the PMOs have spare
time, their occupation will not
interfere with their commitment in
helping the patients.
DURATION – PMO
The role of PMO does have
positive impacts on duration, but
there are other contributing
factors.
Most of the responders felt that a
close family member is the ideal
PMO because of the motivation
they could provide and their
psychological bond.
LIMITATION
This study needs to be improved
by increasing number of samples
and scope. Hence we believe the
results will be more representing
of today’s condition in Indonesia.
 CONCLUSION
Unevenly distributed
primary healthcare Feasible and
applicable
supervision and
Low ratio of patient support
healthcare workers system.
to population

This study concluded that there are no relation between the

role of PMO with their education, occupation and patients’
duration of medication. Most of the PMO are coming from
family members who have strong psychological bond with
the patients, hence they had motivation to help the patients
and going hand in hand to fight the disease.
TERIMA KASIH
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