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Unit 8
Chemistry
Langley
No definite shape/volume
Expands to fill its container
Easily compressed (squeezed into a
smaller container)
Compressibility is a measure of how much
the volume of matter decreases under
pressure
Gases are easily compressed because of
the space between the particles in a gas
PROPERTIES OF A GAS
Boyle’s Law
Charles’ Law
Gay-Lussac’s Law
Combined Gas Law
Ideal Gas Law
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure
Graham’s Law
BOYLE’S LAW
Mathematical Example 2
If 4.41 dm3 of nitrogen gas are collected at a
pressure of 94.2 kPa, what will the volume
be for this gas at standard pressure if the
temperature does not change?
CHARLES’ LAW
As the temperature of an enclosed gas
increases, the volume increases, if the
pressure is constant
The volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly
proportional to its Kelvin temperature if the
pressure is kept constant
As volume goes up/down, temperature goes
up/down
V1 = V2
Temperature must be in Kelvin!
T1 T2
CHARLES’ LAW
Mathematical Example 1
V1 = 250mL T1 = 300K
V2 = 321mL T2 = ?
Mathematical Example 2
With a constant pressure, the volume of a
gas is increased from 15.0L to 32.0L. If the
new temperature is 20.0°C, what was the
original temperature?
GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW
Mathematical Example 2
The pressure in a tire is 1.8 atm at 20°C.
After a 200 mile trip, the pressure reading for
the tire is 1.9 atm. What is the temperature
inside the tire at that new pressure?
COMBINED GAS LAW
Combines Boyle’s, Charles’, and Gay-Lussac’s
laws
Describes the relationship among temperature,
pressure, and volume of an enclosed gas
Allows you to perform calculation for situations
IF and ONLY IF the amount of gas is constant
P1V1 = P2V2
Temperature must
be in
Kelvin!
T1 T2
IDEAL GAS LAW
When you need to account for the number of
moles of gas in addition to pressure,
temperature, and volume, you will use the Ideal
Gas Equation
Modified version of the Combined Gas Law
PV = nRT
n = number of moles
R = ideal gas constant
0.08206 (L-atm/mol-K)
62.4 (L-mmHg/mol-K)
8.314 (L-kPa/mol-K)
IDEAL GAS LAW
Mathematical Example 1
What is the pressure in atm exerted by 0.5
moles of N2 in a 10L container at 298
Kelvin?
Mathematical Example 2
What is the volume in liters of 0.250 moles
of O2 at 20°C and 0.974 atm?
IDEAL GAS LAW
Mathematical Example 3
What is the temperature of 76 grams of Cl2
in a 24L container at 890mmHg?
Mathematical Example 4
A deep underground cavern contains
2.24x106L of CH4 at a pressure of
1.50x103kPa and a temperature of 315K.
How many kilograms of CH4 does the cavern
contain?
IDEAL vs. REAL GASES
Mathematical Example 1
In a container there are 4 gases with the
following pressures: Gas 1-2.5 atm, Gas 2-
1.9 atm, Gas 3-798 mmHg, Gas 4-2.1 atm;
find the total pressure in the container.
DALTON’S LAW
Mathematical Example 2
In a sample of HCl gas, the pressure of the
gas is found to be 0.87 atm. If hydrogen
makes up 34% of the gas, what is the
pressure of the hydrogen?
GRAHAM’S LAW
Mathematical Example 1
What is the ratio of the speeds of Helium
compared to Oxygen?
Mathematical Example 2
If Co2 has a speed of 22 m/s at 20°C, what is
the speed of HCl at the same temperature?