LAND USE FOR TROPICAL

FARMING AT COASTAL AREA

Gunawan Budiyanto

INTERNATIONALTROPICAL FARMING SUMMER SCHOOL UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA, 2018

The Landscape of Yogyakarta
Island of The Ring of Fire
 YOGYAKARTA

coastal land
 The Coastal Area
Many terms are used to describe the boundary between land and
sea. Terms like shore, shoreline, coastal area, coast, and beach are all
common names. Let’s take a few minutes to clarify what these mean.

The shoreline is the line that marks the contact between land and
sea. Each day, as tides rise and fall, the position of the shoreline
migrates. Over longer time spans, the average position of the
shoreline gradually shifts as sea level rises or falls.

The shore is the area that extends between the lowest tide level
and the highest elevation on land that is affected by storm waves.
By contrast, the coast extends inland from the shore as far as
ocean-related features can be found. The coastline marks the
coast’s seaward edge, whereas the inland boundary is not always
obvious or easy to determine.
 The Coastal Area
The shore is divided into the foreshore and the backshore. The
foreshore is the area exposed when the tide is out (low tide) and
submerged when the tide is in (high tide). The backshore is
landward of the high-tide shoreline. It is usually dry, being affected
by waves only during storms.
CENTRAL JAVA SPECIAL REGIONS OF YOGYAKARTA
COASTAL SANDY LAND AT BUGEL BEACH
 Barchan Dunes
Barchan dunes develop through the saltation of
sand grains up their gentle sloping windward
slope, and settle by the angle of repose down
the leeward or slipface. These dunes grow with
the addition of sand and also move forward.
SANDY SOIL AT BUGEL BEACH
 SOIL PARTICLES

DOMINATED BY
SANDY SOIL SAND FRACTION
 Coarse Textured Soil
Dominated by sand fraction
– Large pore spaces and allows water to
easily run through it beyond the reach
of roots (gravitational water)
– Drought-prone (low adhesion force)
– Little surface area for the particle
volume, reducing fertility
 SANDY SOIL AT COASTAL AREA OF BUGEL

DOMINATED BY SAND AND LOW CONTENT OF ORGANIC

LOW CONTENT OF CLAY MINERAL MATTER

SOIL STRUCTURE HAVE NO

CLOD LOW SOIL
FERTILITY
a. HIGH POROSITY
b. WATER FLOW AS
GRAVITATIONAL WATER N Fertilizer

LOW CAPASITY IN PROVIDING (dry climate, high temperature

WATER FOR PLANT GROWTH and aerobic condition)
NO3- Nitrification

N-FERTILIZER WILL EASILY LOW EFFICIENCIES ON

RUN OUT FROM ROOT ZONE APPLICATION OF NITROGEN

LOW PRODUCTIVITY LAND

 Organic matter decomposition
R-NH2 + HOH R-OH +NH3 + energy
N-fertilizer breakdown in the soil solution
CO(NH2)2 + 2HOH H2CO3 + 2NH3

2NH3 + 2H+ + 2e- 2NH4+

2NH4+

(NH4)2SO4 + H2O H2SO4 + 2NH4OH

2OH-

O2 -4H- O2
2NH4 + 2HONH2 HONNOH 2NO2- + 2H+ + energy
hydroxilamine 2e-
O2

gravitational 2NO3-
water

Leaching out from rhizosphere

(root zone)
 TROPICAL FARMING PRACTICES OF LOCAL FARMERS
BASED ON ENVIRONMENTAL ADAPTATION

Beach “Bugel” is a one of many coastal areas located in south of

Yogyakarta city. As the coastal area in Indonesia, beach “Bugel “have dry
season along the year, with precipitation not more than 1000 mm per
year. Many years ago the local farmers had been using this area as a dry
land to plant watermelon, red chili and other vegetable plants.
 Watering practices use shallow ground fresh water
How do they get fresh water at the beach ??

The adaptation between farmers and environmental condition build a strong

experience, the fundamental problems here is how to keep the soil have enough
capacity in water holding for entire the life process of plant. Farmers had good
knowledge that with dry condition and strong wind velocity, plant needs more
water supplies to balance water transpiration out from the leaves. The water
content in root zone is a critical factor in nutrient uptaking and the whole stage of
plant growth.
 sandy land

top soil
Fresh water
mixture of fresh brackish water
water and sea water sea water
sea water intrusion

fresh water depth depends on intesity of rainfall

Generally, coastal land in south beach of Yogyakarta dominated by sandy soil fraction. In
dry climate, soil organic matter were decomposed rapidly, it may cause the coastal land
have no enough organic mater and humus to create soil clod. From the perspective of
physical properties, the soil with low content of organic matter would have low capacity
in holding the water, nitrogen content and makes fertilizer applicarion would be not
efficient because of nutrient come out from root zone caused by gravitational water.
Many sources of organic matter had used to increase water holding capacity of sandy land.
Kind of organic matters which used are, manure, compost and other materials came from
plant residues that will be applied in pre planting, completely be mixed with soil. Watering
was done daily to keep soil moisture along one week incubation time. Fertilizing was done
by giving liquid fertilizer especially Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium two times a day.
The technic gave the farmers a simple way in reducing nutrient leaching out of root zone.
Sandy soil at beach area commonly dry and have high daily temperature and also high
speed wind. This condition can increase water evaporation from soil surface and finally soil
water content are in imbalance status between water uptake (gains of water) and water
transpiration (loss of water) from leaf surfaces. Local farmers had a wide range of
experience to solve it. Organic matter usually used here are rice straw, biomass of corn
and synthetic material (silver plastic). Mulching is a must here to protect soil from water
deficiencies along plant growth.
to avoid from wind attack (damaging wind), the farmers used perennial plant (they
usually used coconut tree)which planted around the cultivation plots (Windbreaks).
 ORGANIC MATTER
APPLICATION

IMPROVE SOIL INCREASE QUALITY OF

STRUCTURE SOIL ORGANIC COLLOID

INCREASE WATER
HOLDING CAPASITY

N-FERTILIZER

REDUCTION OF NITRATE
LEACHING

INCRERASE THE PRODUCTIVITY OF

COASTAL LAND
Thank you