Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Guided by :- Prepared by :-
Mr. Jigar Zala Nisarg Bhavsar
160670720001
Outline Presentation
• Introduction
• Literature Review
• Objective
• Scope
• Current work
• Further Work to do
• References
Introduction
What is Progressive collapse?
• The progressive collapse of structures is commenced when the
primary component(s), usually columns, is eliminated.
• Due to that the loads get transmitted to other adjoining columns
in structure.
• If these primary elements are not appropriately designed to
bear and redistribute the overloading, that portion of the
structure or the whole of the structure may collapse.
• Progressive collapse is a rare accident, but its effect on
buildings is very dangerous and costly.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
• The example of structures which were
subjected to progressive collapse are as
follows.
• In 1968, 22-storey building Ronan point
tower was subjected to gas explosion on
18th floor.
• The load bearing precast concrete plates
were damaged due to which above
structure collapse.
• The damaged building is shown in figure.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
• The other example is Alfred P Murrah building in Oklahoma
City, in 1995, resulted in 168 fatalities.
TYPE OF
APPROACHES
DIRECT INDIRECT
• The model considered for the study is five and eight storey moment
frame structure with and without bracing, with five bays in the
longitudinal direction and three in three in traverse direction.
• The column removal would be done according to GSA guidelines. The
location of column removal would be:
• 1.) Centre column in longitudinal direction of building.
• 2.) Centre column in transverse direction of building.
• 3.) Corner column.
• Two type of concentric bracing would be use which are X-type and V-
type bracing. The arrangement of bracing would be in alternate
arrangement and neighbour arrangement along
• The building is considered to be in zone IV and on medium soil.
Model Data and Description
The loads which are considered for this analysis are Dead loads, Live loads &
Earthquake loads.
• The dead load include the self weight of sections and slab.
• Floor finish = 1kN/m2
• Terrace water proofing = 1kN/m2
• Wall load on periphery beams = 20.5 kN/m
• Live load on all floor except roof = 2.5 kN/m2
no
yes
Progressive
Progressive
collapse does not
collapse occurs
occurs
Load = 2(1.2DL+0.25LL)
Where,
DL=Dead load
LL=Live load
2 is Dynamic Amplification Factor
Demand Capacity Ratio (DCR)
DCR=Qud/Qce
Where,
Qud= Acting force (Demand) determined or computed in element
Qce = Probable ultimate capacity (Capacity) of the component
Demand Capacity Ratio (DCR)
DCR= Mmax/Mp
Where:
Mmax = Maximum actual (existing) moment
MP = Plastic moment
DCR=Vmax/Vp
Where,
Vmax= Maximum actual shear
Vp= plastic shear
The values for plastic shear can be calculated by the equation given in IS
800-2007 by following equation;
Vp=Av.fyw/1.732
Where,
Av=shear area and
fyw=yield strength of web material
Demand Capacity Ratio for Axial (DCRaxial)
• DCR for axial is calculated using following equation:
DCR=Axialmax/Axialp
Where:
• The figure shows the location of removed column 1D and the other
figure shows the affected members (B21, B22 and B10) by the column
removal.
Behaviour of building under column removal
scenario D1
Bending moment Diagram for D1 column removal
BM for B21
Section Property for ISMB500
• Now, to compute DCRmoment from moment diagram the equation is
mention below:
DCRmoment=Mmax/Mp
• The value for Mp would be same for all the beam sections because all
the beam sections are of ISMB-500.
Mp=Zp*fy
Where, Zp=2.075E-03 m3 obtained from section properties.
fy=250N/mm2 obtained from material properties.
Now with the help of Mp we can compute DCRmoment for all the affected
beams (B21, B22 and B10) at every floor. For example for B21 at first
floor;
DCRmoment=1236.6191/518.75=2.38 >2.
SF for B22
• The DCRshear can be computed by the following equation:
DCRshear= Vmax/Vp
where,
For Vp=Av.fyw/1.732
• Here, the DCR value is less than 2 the progressive collapse potential is
less.
• When the A-1 Column is removed the three adjacent beams on each
floor would be affected so here the B-1 and B-19 of all the floors are
affected.
Bending moment Diagram for A1 column removal
DCRmoment for removal of A1 column
B2 B3 B29
1 0.594 0.569 0.465
2 0.596 0.57 0.472
3 0.588 0.564 0.461
4 0.583 0.56 0.454
5 0.579 0.557 0.449
6 0.575 0.553 0.444
7 0.579 0.556 0.444
8 0.28 0.26 0.447
DCRaxial for removal of 1A column
Floor DCRaxial for corner removal
level
1B 2A
1 0.977990927 0.928396046
2 0.848581147 0.806851703
3 0.718082734 0.682124172
4 0.589136987 0.559000299
5 0.46122577 0.436498786
6 0.334158047 0.314596997
7 0.207763552 0.193338836
8 0.08142403 0.071178974
• The Eight storey steel building model without bracing has high potential
for the progressive collapse because the value of DCRmoment is greater
than 2.
• The model is safe for DCRshear and DCRaxial.
• To reduce the progressive collapse potential of this model, X-type
bracing is provided.
• The bracing arrangement contains of alternate and neighbour position of
bracing.
• The arrangement of bracing is changed only in longitudinal direction.
• The section of the bracing provided hollow circular tube section
ISNB300H
Progressive Collapse Analysis and Calculation of
DCR for G+7 storey building with X-bracing in
Neighbour position in longitudinal direction.
Behaviour of building with bracing for column removal D1
BM for B22
DCRmoment, DCRshear and DCRaxial for column
removal case -1(D1)
D1 DCRmoment DCRshear DCRaxial
Floor B21 B22 B10 B21 B22 B10 1E 1C 2D
1 0.926 0.8658 0.6477
0.79 0.79 0.25 0.359 0.359 0.079
2
0.806 0.7499 0.56696
0.74 0.74 0.24 0.35 0.351 0.077
3
0.656 0.6066 0.486457
0.71 0.71 0.22 0.344 0.345 0.074
4
0.520 0.4795 0.406359
0.68 0.69 0.21 0.339 0.34 0.071
5
0.395 0.3636 0.3265
0.67 0.67 0.2 0.336 0.337 0.07
6
0.277 0.2554 0.2468
0.66 0.66 0.196 0.334 0.335 0.068
7
0.165 0.1521 0.1673
0.65 0.65 0.192 0.33 0.33 0.067
8
0.24 0.23 0.21 0.098 0.098 0.08 0.055 0.0516 0.0880
DCRmoment, DCRshear and DCRaxial for column
removal case -2(A3)
3A DCRmoment DCRshear DCRaxial
5
Floor
5
Floor
5
Floor
5
Floor
5
floor
5
Floor
5
Floor
5
Floor
4
Floor
4
Floor
4
Floor
DCRm for B2 for 5 floor model (Short side column removal "3A")
4
Floor
DCRm for B3 for 5 floor model (Short side column removal "3A")
4
Floor
DCRm for B29 for 5 floor model (Short side column removal "3A")
4
Floor
4
Floor
4
Floor
Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18
Literature Review
Learning software
Defining Problem