BENDABLE CONCRETE

PRESENTED BY,
Amal Xaviour
TJE15CE013

GUIDED BY ,
Mr. Jithin K Rajeev
1 Asst. professor
Civil engineering department
Thejus engineering college
BENDABLE CONCRETE

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INTRODUCTION
 Concrete is strong under compression yet
weak under tension

 Conventional concrete are Brittle and limited

ductility material

 Bendable concrete is a solution for above

properties of normal concrete

 Bendable concrete also known as Engineered

Cementitious Composite (ECC)

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INTRODUCTION (CONT….)

 It was developed by the Professor Victor Li at

the University of Michigan in early 1990’s

 ECC have high ductility and tight crack width

control

 Normal concretes are almost unbendable and

have a strain capacity of only 0.1 %

 An ECC has a strain capacity of more than

3% and thus acts more like a ductile metal

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MATERIALS OF ECC
 Cement
 Fine sand
 Fibres reinforcement
 Fly ash
 Super plasticizer
 Water

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CEMENT

 ECC commonly produced using ordinary

Portland cement

 Compared with conventional concrete, ECC

contains considerably higher cement content

 53 grade is normally used

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FINE SAND

 The fine silica sand is suitable for the

bendable concrete

 The fine aggregate passing through 4.75 mm

sieve with a specific gravity of 2.68 is
normally used

 if it is not available the normal sand can be

used it may effects strength and flexibility

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FIBERS REINFORCEMENT
 For giving the concrete flexibility we have to
alter the material of the normal concrete

 In bendable concrete we eliminate the coarse

aggregate

 Instead of coarse aggregate we use the

fibres

 Some fibres used in ECC are silica fibres,

glass fibres, steel fibres , polyvinyl alcohol
fibres
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FIBERS REINFORCEMENT (CONT….)

 The micro fibres provide the flexibility to the

concrete
 PVA fiber is most suitable polymeric fibers to
be used as the reinforcement of ECC

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Fig.2. fiber reinforcement
SUPER PLASTICIZERS

 Super plasticizer is used to control

rheological properties of fresh concrete

 Some of them are polycarboxylated ether,

lignosulfonates, lignin, napthalene etc

 Melamine based super plasticizer are

reported to be the best for ecc

 Latex can also be used in the concrete for

improving its flexibility

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FLY ASH
 Successful in reducing heat generation
without loss of strength

 Increases ultimate strength beyond 180 days

 Provides additional fines for compaction

 Helps to control amount of water

 Occupation of void space with water would

obviously result in reduction in strength

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WATER
 Water fit for drinking is generally considered
for making concrete

 Water should be free from acids, oils, alkalis,

vegetables or other organic Impurities

 It serves as a lubricant in the mixture of fine

aggregates and cement

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MAKING OF ECC
 The mixing procedure of ECC is similar to
normal concrete
 First select a mix proportion for ECC with
required workability
 Test the required strength and properties
 If the result is satisfying continue with the
mix proportion
 Good practice of mixing can lead to better
performance and quality
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 Once the concrete mix design is finalized,
the mixing is carried out
 Add sand, cement, 50% of fly ash and 50%
water and super plasticizer and mix it
 Add slowly remaining quantity of fly ash,
water and super plasticizer
 Once the homogenous mixture is formed,
add the PVA fibres slowly
 Mix all the constituents till the fibres are
homogenously mixed in the matrix
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INITIAL MIX MIXING OF PVA FIBRE

FINAL MIX OF ECC 16

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

 Bhaumik Merchant and Ajay Gelot conducted

an experimental study about ECC
 They were find some properties of ECC by
adding different % of fiber .
 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% fiber volume
fraction were tested
 Flexural , compressive and split tensile
strength were analysed

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Mix Quantity
Ingredients
Cement 296.13 kg/ m3
Water 186 lit/ m3
Fly Ash 150 kg/ m3
Sand 572.7 kg/ m3
Grit 1017 kg/ m3
w/c 0.43
HRWRA (Glenium) 1.25 lit/m3

MIX PROPORTION OF ECC 18

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST

 The cubes of size 150 x 150 x 150 mm

 Align carefully and load is applied, till the
specimen breaks
 Compressive strength, fc =P/A
where
P= Maximum load applied to specimen
A= Cross sectional area of specimen

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COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST RESULT

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TENSILE STRENGTH TEST

 The size of Cylinders 150mm dia. and

300mm height
 Split tensile test was performed on cylinder
 The failure load to each cylinder was noted
 Tensile strength , ft =2P/∏DL
where , P=compressive load at failure
D=diameter of cylinder
L=length of cylinder
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TENSILE STRENGTH TEST RESULT

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FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST

 The size of beam is 150x150x700mm

 specimen is subjected to bending, using
four-point loading until it fails
 Flexural strength , fb is calculated using
below formulae
 When ‘a’ is greater than 20cm for 15 cm
specimen fb= (p x l)/(b x d2)
 If ‘a’ is less than 20cm but greater than
17cm fb= (3p x l)/(b x d2)
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Where,
a= distance between crack and nearest
support
b= width of the specimen
d= depth of the specimen at the
point of failure
l= length of the span on which the
specimen was supported
p= maximum load applied to the
specimen
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FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST RESULT

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CHARACTERISTICS OF ECC
 Unlike regular concrete, ECC has a strain
capacity in the range of 3–7%

 The ECC are economical by a reduction in

the usage of fiber

 Placement of ECC is easy because it has self-

consolidating and needs no vibration

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SELF HEALING OF ECC

 Extra dry cement exposed on the crack

surfaces can react with H2O and CO2

 And heal and form a thin white scar of

calcium carbonate

 Calcium carbonate is a strong compound

found naturally in seashells

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SELF HEALING OF ECC (CONT….)

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VARIETIES OF ECC
 Light weight ECC:
Floating Homes, Barges
 Self-compacting ECC:
High rise projects- to complete within a
short period.
 Sprayable ECC:
Used for retrofitting/repair work and
tunnel/sewer linings.
 Extrudable ECC:
Use in Extrusion of pipes was first 29
developed in 1998.
ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLINESS
 ECC is a green construction material

 consumes 40% less energy

 produces 39% less carbon dioxide than

regular concrete

 ECC incorporates high volumes of industrial

wastes

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ADVANTAGES
 The bendable concrete has the ability to
bend like a metal

 It is more stronger, durable, and lasts longer

than conventional concrete

 It has a self-healing property that is it can

heal itself

 It is more resistant to cracking

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ADVANTAGES (CONT….)

 It does not emit high amount of harmful

gases as compared to conventional concrete.

 The bendable concrete is 40 % lighter

 The use of steel reinforcement is reduces

and can be eliminated It reduces the cost of
the project

 It can be used as precast concrete

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DISADVANTAGES
 It has a high initial cost as compared to
conventional concrete

 It requires skilled labour for its construction

 Its quality depend upon the material used

and the condition under which it is made

 Its compressive strength can be lesser than

the conventional concrete

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USE OF ECC
 In Earthquake resistant structures

 In roads and bridges there is no need of joint

as the ECC itself has the ability to change its
shape

 ECC overlays can be used over cracked

concrete surfaces

 ECC is a green construction material

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FIRST APPICATION OF ECC
 Mihara Bridge in Hokkaido, japan 2004

 Cable Stayed Bridge

 ECC layer Thickness:38mm

 Weight Reduction: 40%

 Cost Reduction: 50%

 Expected Service Life: 100 years

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IMPACT OF ECC ON CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY
 ECCs have emerged in full scale civil
infrastructures

 Transportation, building, water and energy

industry domains are using ECC

 In India it is still a new material

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CONCLUSION
 More flexible than conventional concrete

 ECC is 50 times more resistant to cracking

and 40 times lighter in weight

 It can heal the micro-cracks itself

 ECC is the upcoming advancement in

technology which will almost replace the
Conventional concrete

 In India it is a new material proper

researches are required to implementation 37
REFERENCES
[1.] SagarGadhiya, T N Patel and Dinesh Shah“BENDABLE
CONCRETE: A REVIEW”Vol. 4, No. 1, February 2015

[2.] Bhaumik Merchant and Ajay Gelot “EVALUATION OF

ENGINEERING CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITES (ECC)
WITH DIFFERENT PERCENTAGE OF FIBERS” International
Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 4 Issue 06, June-2015

[3.] Manish A. Kewalramani, Osama A.

Mohamed,ZubairImamSyed “ENGINEERED
CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITES FOR MODERN CIVIL
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES IN HOT ARID COASTAL
CLIMATIC CONDITIONS” International High- Performance
Built Environment Conference – A Sustainable Built ,
2016 38
REFERENCES

[4.] Ganesh S. Ghodke, Nilesh S Daphal, YogeshS.Bandgar,

Dattatraya S. Gadekar, SagarA.Chavan, AshwiniWaghule
“EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BENDABLE CONCRETE BY
USING ADMIXTURE AND FIBER”International Journal For
Technological Research In Engineering,Volume 4, Issue
9, May-2017

[5.] Tushar R Patil, B. V. Birajdar “FLEXIBLE BEHAVIOR OF

CONCRETE USING ENGINEERED CEMENTITIOUS
COMPOSITES” International Journal of Advance
Engineering and Research Development Volume 4, Issue
5, May -2017
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Thank you

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