Answers to Matrices Questions

Exercise 1 – See Introduction to Matrices

1. Work through the slideshow until you are confident that you understand
the different types of matrices and how they work. This is very
important for the next section.

This is something that only you can do.

2. Identify the different types of matrix shown on the next page – see next.
3. Label each one with size details and name, e.g. 4x5 matrix, or 6x6
identity matrix – see next.

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 Exercise 1 Continued

a) [5]
[6] This is a 3x1 Column Vector.
[7]
b) [5 6 7] This is a 1x3 Row Vector.
c) [10 12]
[15 17] This is a 3x2 Rectangular Matrix.
[7 15]
d) [9 8] This is a 2x2 Square Matrix.
[4 5]
e) [7 0 0] This is a 3x3 Diagonal Matrix
[0 5 0]
[0 0 2]

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 Exercise 1 Continued

f) [0 0] This is a 2x2 Square Zero Matrix.

[0 0]
g) [5 6 2 4]
[1 5 7 3] This is a 4x4 Square Matrix.
[7 1 5 2]
[1 2 8 5]
h) [1 0 0]
[0 1 0] This is a 3x3 Identity Matrix.
[0 0 1]
i) [5 0 0]
[0 5 0] This is a 3x3 Scalar Matrix.
[0 0 5]

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 Exercise 1 Continued
4. Find the Transpose and the Opposite of matrices a, b and c.

Original Transpose Opposite

 [5] [5 6 7] [-5]
[6] [-6]
[7] [-7]

 [5 6 7] [5] [-5 -6 -7]

[6]
[7]

 [10 12] [10 15 7 ] [-10 -12]

[15 17] [12 17 15] [-15 -17]
[7 15] [-7 -15]

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 Exercise 2 – See Mathematical Operations on Matrices 1
1. Add the following matrices, where possible:

a) [5] + [7] = [12]

[6] [8] [14]

b) [10 12] + [8 12] = [18 24]

[15 17] [9 42] [24 59]
[7 15] [4 13] [11 28]

c) [9 8 7] + [6 5 4] = Not possible
[4 5 6] [7 8 9]
[1 3 2]

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 Exercise 2 Continued

2. Subtract the following matrices, where possible:

a) [5] - [7] = [-2]
[6] [8] [-2]
b) [10 12] - [8 12] = [2 0]
[15 17] [9 42] [6 -25]
[7 15] [4 13] [3 2]
c) [9 8 7] - [6 5 4] = Not possible
[4 5 6] [7 8 9]
[1 3 2]
d) [-9 8 7] - [-6 5 4] = Not possible
[4 -5 6] [7 -8 -9]
[1 -3 2]

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 Exercise 3 – See Mathematical Operations on Matrices 2

1. Attempt the following Multiplications of Matrices by a scalar:

a) 3x [1 2 3] = [3x1 3x2 3x3] = [3 6 9 ]
[4 5 6] [3x4 3x5 3x6] [12 15 18]
b) 2x [1 2 3] = [2x1 2x2 2x3] = [2 4 6 ]
[4 5 6] [2x4 2x5 2x6] [8 10 12]
c) 5x [1 2 3] = [5x1 5x2 5x3] = [ 5 10 15]
[4 5 6] [5x4 5x5 5x6] [20 25 30]
 Please note that for Matrix X, 3X+2X=5X.
d) 4x [ 2 -3 7] = [4x2 4x-3 4x7] = [8 -12 28]
[-8 10 9] [4x-8 4x10 4x9] [-32 40 36]

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 Exercise 3 - Continued

2. Attempt the following Multiplications of Matrices:

a) [1 2 3] [1] = [(1x1)+(2x2) +(3x3)] = [1+4+9] = [14] = 14

[2]
[3]

b) [1 2 3] [1] = [(1x1)+(2x2)+(3x3)] = [1+ 4 + 9 ] = [14]

[4 5 6] [2] [(4x1)+(5x2)+(6x3)] [4+10+18] [32]
[3]

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 Exercise 3 - Continued

2. Attempt the following Multiplications of Matrices:

c) [ 2 -3 7 8] [1] = [(1x2) +(2x-3) +(3x7) +(4x8) ]

[-8 10 9 10] [2] [(1x-8)+(2x10)+(3x9)+(4x10)]
[3]
[4]

= [(2) +(-6) +(21) +(32) ]

[(-8)+(20) +(27) +(40)]

= [49]
[79]

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 Exercise 4 – See Mathematical Operations on Matrices 3

A = [2 4] B = [1 8] C = [3 8] D = [1 2]
[4 5] [1 8] [2 5] [0 2]

1. Find the determinants of the above matrices.

a) [2 4] = (2x5) – (4x4) = 10-16 = -6
[4 5]
b) [1 8] = (1x8) – (8x1) = 8-8 = 0
[1 8]
c) [3 8] = (3x5) – (8x2) = 15-16 = -1
[2 5]
d) [1 2] = (1x2) – (2x0) = 2-0 = 2
[0 2]

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 Exercise 4 – Continued
A = [2 4] B = [1 8] C = [3 8] D = [1 2]
[4 5] [1 8] [2 5] [0 2]
2. Find the inverse matrix of each of the above matrices.
a) detA= -6 A-1 = 1 _[5 -4]
-6 [-4 2]

b) detA= 0 A-1 = Not solvable because detB = 0

c) detA= -1 A-1 = 1 _[5 -8]

-1 [-2 3]

d) detA= 2 A-1 = 1 _[2 -2]

2 [0 1 ]

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 Exercise 5 – See Algebra and Matrices
1. Change the linear equations shown above into Matrix form.

a) 2x + y = 8 and 3x +2y = 14
[2 1][x] = [ 8]
[3 2][y] = [14]
b) x +2y = 13 and 4x – 5y = -13
[1 2][x] = [13]
[4 -5][y] = [-13]
c) 2x +3y = 7 and 3x – y = -6
[2 3 ][x] = [7]
[3 -1][y] = [-6]

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 Exercise 5 – Continued
2. Try to solve these equations using the inverse of the matrix, as shown.
a) 2x + y = 8 and 3x +2y = 14
[2 1][x] = [ 8]
[3 2][y] = [14]

 Inverse of [2 1] = 1 [2 -1] = [2 -1]

[3 2] 1 [-3 2] [-3 2]
 Multiply both sides to get [1 0][x] = [(16-14)] = [2]
[0 1][y] [(-24+28)] [4]
 Therefore x=2 and y=4

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 Exercise 5 – Continued
2. Try to solve these equations using the inverse of the matrix, as shown.
b) x +2y = 13 and 4x – 5y = -13
[1 2][x] = [13]
[4 -5][y] = [-13]

 Inverse of [1 2] = 1 [-5 -2]

[4 -5] -13 [-4 1]
 Multiply both sides to get 1 [-13 0][x] = 1 [(-65)+(26)] = [3]
-13 [0 -13][y] -13 [(-52)+(-13)] [5]
 Therefore x=3 and y=5

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 Exercise 5 – Continued
2. Try to solve these equations using the inverse of the matrix, as shown.
c) 2x +3y = 7 and 3x – y = -6
[2 3][x] = [ 7]
[3 -1][y] = [ -6]

 Inverse of [2 3] = 1 [-1 -3]

[3 -1] -11 [-3 2]
 Multiply both sides to get 1 [-11 0][x] = 1 [(-7)+(18)] = 1 [11]
-11[0 -11][y] -11 [(-21)+(-12)] -11[-33]
 Therefore x=-1 and y=3

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