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Axons Dendrites
Take information away from Bring information to the
the cell body cell body
Smooth Surface Rough Surface (dendritic
Generally only 1 axon per spines)
cell Usually many dendrites
No ribosomes per cell
Can have myelin Have ribosomes
Branch further from the cell No myelin insulation
body Branch near the cell body
What is inside of a neuron? A neuron has many of the same
"organelles," such as mitochondria, cytoplasm and a nucleus, as other
cells in the body.
OR
Visceral - connects the internal organs with the central nervous
system.
Some differences between the Peripheral
Nervous System (PNS) and the Central Nervous
System (CNS):
Although some people may think that the brain is like a bowl of jell-O,
the brain is NOT a bowl of jell-O. Unlike a bowl of jell-O, the brain is not a
uniform material. Rather, the brain is made up of many different areas,
each having a particular structure and function.
The skull:
home of the brain
Your brain is protected by several
bones. There are eight bones that
surround your brain: one frontal bone; two
parietal bones, two temporal bones, one
occipital bone, one sphenoid bone and
one ethmoid bone. These eight bones
make up the cranium.
Another 14 bones in the face make up
the entire skull. There are also 3 small
bones in each ear. Also protecting your
brain are 3 layers of tissue called the
meninges. A few of the bones have been
colored in the diagram to the right.
There is a large opening, called the foramen magnum, located in the
back of the occipital bone. This is where the medulla ends and projects
out of the skull. Smaller holes in the skull, called foramina, allow nerves
and blood vessels to enter and leave the cranium. The picture in the
bottom shows the base of the skull. The places in the skull where the
bones come together are called sutures. These sutures are flexible in
young children, but become fixed as you age.
Divisions of the Brain
Divisions of the Brain
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Myelencephalon
Mesencephalon
(Midbrain) Metencephalon
Lobes of the brain
The average human brain weighs about 1,400 grams (3 lb). When
the brain is removed from the skull, it looks a bit like a large pinkish-
gray walnut. The brain can be divided down the middle lengthwise into
two halves called the cerebral hemispheres. Each hemisphere of the
cerebral cortex is divided into four lobes by various sulci and gyri...the
sulci (or fissures) are the grooves and the gyri are the "bumps" that can
be seen on the surface of the brain. The folding of the cerebral cortex
produced by these bumps and grooves increases the amount of
cerebral cortex that can fit in the skull. (In fact, the total surface area of
the cerebral cortex is about 324 square inches - about the size of a full
page of newspaper!). Although most people have the same patterns of
gyri and sulci on the cerebral cortex, no two brains are exactly alike.
FRONTAL LOBE
Located in front of the central
sulcus.
Concerned with reasoning,
Lobes of the brain
PARIETAL LOBE
planning, parts of speech and Located behind the central
movement (motor cortex), sulcus.
emotions, and problem-solving. Concerned with perception of
stimuli related to touch, pressure,
temperature and pain.
TEMPORAL LOBE
Located below the lateral fissure.
Concerned with perception and
recognition of auditory stimuli OCCIPITAL LOBE
(hearing) and memory Located at the back of the brain,
(hippocampus). behind the parietal lobe and
temporal lobe.
Concerned with many aspects of
vision.
From a top view, notice how the brain is divided into two halves, called
hemispheres. Each hemisphere communicates with the other through the
A top view of the brain
corpus callosum, a bundle of nerve fibers. (Another smaller fiber bundle that
connects the two hemispheres is called the anterior commissure).
Brain structures
hypothalamus
Brain stem
Cerebral Cortex
Objectives:
skeletal system
cardiovascular system
muscular system
endocrine system
lymphatic system
respiratory system
digestive system
reproductive system
urinary system
How the nervous system interacts with other
body systems.