System Components of Mobile Hydraulics Part 2: Control Concepts

HTM Part 2: Control Concepts
System components of Mobile Hydraulics
Part 2: Control Concepts
27/07/2011 | DC-MA/MKT4 | © Bosch Rexroth AG 2011. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as
1 in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Different kinds of circuits

Closed Loop Open Loop
Control Systems
Hydraulic Controls
Open Center Control

Throttle Control
LS Control
Load sensing
LUDV Control
Flow sharing
Pump Control
Flow Equitation
QV = Flow
A = Opening area of orifice
A  p = Differential pressure
QV  = Flow coefficient
 = Oil- Density
p
QV = K x A p
2
QV =  x A  xp
x
2 QV = f (A,  p)  p = const. QV = f (A)
 =K
Load- dependent System Load- independent System

(Open Center Control) (Load Sensing Control)
Control Systems
Hydraulic Controls
Open Center Control

Throttle Control
LS Control
LUDV Control
Flow sharing
Pump Control
Open Center Principle
Open to tank Fine metering Open to consumer
Circuits
Parallel Tandem Serial
B2 T B2 T B2 T
A2 A2 A2
a2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2
B1 B1 B1
A1 A1 A1
a1 b1 a1 b1 a1 b1
P P P
Attention:
Pressure Summation!
OC Spool Variants
Symbol No. Symbol No.
AB AB
= 001 = 006
PT PT
AB AB
= 002 = 007
PT PT
AB AB
= 003 = 009
PT
AB AB
= 004 = 011
PT PT
AB AB
= 005 = 026
Open Center System

q V[%]
100
p1
p2
p1 < p2
50
q2
q2 < q1
q1
0
Feinsteuerbereich Kolbenhub
Fine metering Spool stroke
 Start of movement and fine-control-range are

load and flow dependent
 During parallel movement priority for
consumer with lowest load
q = f (Δp, A)  High power-losses under fine-control
Δ p1 ≠ Δ p2
HP-Distribution Throttle Control

p in bar
p Strömung
p2 Verlustleistung
power lost
Power Diagram 1:
Parallel operation (fine control)
p1
V1 V2
qV in l/min
p in bar
p Strömung
p2 Verlustleistung
power lost
Power Diagram 2:
p1
Full load
V1 V2
qV in l/min
Throttle Control (Open-Center-Control) Features

 Simple and robust design  Start of movement and fine-
 For fixed and variable pumps control-range are load- and flow-
 Cost-effective components dependent
 Relatively insensitive against  During parallel movement
contamination preference of the consumer with
 Easy system-matching the lowest load
 Good fine-control  High losses under partial speed,
 Excellent stability as no feedback to pump, i.e. pump
 Direct control, i.e. quick response always delivers max. flow
 Torque-control with load-feedback
 High efficiency under full speed
 Easy cooling and filtering due to
neutral flow
 Priority circuits easy to realize
OC Control Systems
Negative Control Positive Control
HP-Distribution Positive Control

p in bar
p Strömung
Verlustleistung
power lost
Power Diagram 3:
p1
Single operation with Positive Control
V1
q1 qPu qV in L/min
Control Systems
Hydraulic Controls
Open Center Control

Throttle Control
LS Control
LUDV Control
Flow sharing
Pump Control
LS Systems OC vs. CC
Open Center LS Closed Center LS
Principle Load Sensing

q V[%]
100
50
0
 Start of movement load-/flow-

independent
 Fine-control range load-
independent but flow-dependent
q = f (A)  Independent movement during
p = const. parallel operation
Principle Load Sensing (variable displacement

pump)
140 bar 200 bar
149 bar 209 bar

pressure drop at pressure drop at
compensator = 9 bar 9 bar compensator = 11 bar
71 bar
20 bar 220 bar
Power Distribution LS
p in bar p in bar
p Druckwaage Verlustleistung p Druckwaage Verlustleistung

power lost power lost
p Strömung p Strömung
p1 p1
p2 p2
V1 V2 V1 V2
qV in l/min qV in l/min
HP Diagram 1: HP Diagram 2:
Open Center LS-System Closed Center LS-System
(fixed displacement pump) (variable displacement pump)
LS-Pressure Limitation
 function analog to
pressure cut-off
 limitation of the LS- Signal, therefore
nearly free of losses
LS Control Features
 Good fine control  Reduced fine-control range at
 Direct control, i.e. quick response reduced pump-speed
 Fine-control range load-  Load-dependent under non-
independent saturated-condition; i.e. system
 Constant start of movement reacts like throttle control
(load- and flow-independent)  Sensitive against oscillations,
 High efficiency also under partial therefore intensive prototype
load and/or speed commissioning necessary
 Load-independent parallel
operation of several actuators
under saturated condition
Consumer Flows with reduced Pump Flow

LS System
100%
p3 >p 2 > p 1
Total flow q1 + q2 + q3
Consumer flows
0%
0% Pumpenölstrom
Pump flow qP qP 100%
Control Systems
Hydraulic Controls
Open Center Control

Throttle Control
LS Control
LUDV Control
Flow sharing
Pump Control
Flow Sharing-System (LUDV)

q V[%]
100
50
0
 Start of movement load-/ flow-

independent
 Independent movement during parallel
operation
qV = f (A)
p1 = p2
Flow Sharing System (LUDV)

qV = f (p, A)
F1 < F2
P1 < P2
Orifice:
A1 > A2
200 bar
100 bar
 p1 = Pp - P1‘
200 bar  p2 = Pp - P2‘
p2 = P2‘ = P1‘
 p1 =  p2 =  p
200 bar  p = const.

=20 bar A1 and A2
 p3 = P2 - P1
qV1 = f (A1)
qV2 = f (A2)
220 bar
qV1 =
A1
qV1 A2
LUDV Control Features

 Good fine control  Limited fine-control-range when
 Constant start of movement pump is running with lower speed
(independent from pressure and  Sensitive to oscillations, i.e.
flow) intensive prototype-commissioning
 Direct control, i.e. quick response necessary
 High efficiency also under partial
load and / or partial speed
 Parallel movement of several
consumers load- independent also
under non-saturated condition
Consumer Flows with reduced Pump Flow

LUDV System
100%
p3 >p 2 > p 1
Total flow q1 + q2 + q3
Consumer flows
0%
0% Pumpenölstrom
Pump flow qP q P 100%
Control Systems
Hydraulic Controls
Open Center Control

Throttle Control
LS Control
LUDV Control
Flow sharing
Pump Control
Principle Pump Control
q = f ()
HP-Distribution pump control
HP-Diagram:
Pump Control
Pump Control Features

 Good fine-control
 Constant start of movement (independent from pressure and flow)
 Fine-control-range independent from pump-speed
 Direct control, i.e. quick response
 Excellent efficiency
 Extreme stability
 Simple and robust valve-technology
 Parallel movements require multi-pump-systems

System Components of Mobile Hydraulics Part 2: Control Concepts

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System Components of Mobile Hydraulics Part 2: Control Concepts

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Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

HTM Part 2: Control Concepts

System components of Mobile Hydraulics

Part 2: Control Concepts

Different kinds of circuits

Closed Loop Open Loop

Open Center Control

Load- dependent System Load- independent System

Closed Loop Open Loop

Open Center Control

Open Center Principle

Open to tank Fine metering Open to consumer

Open Center System

 Start of movement and fine-control-range are

HP-Distribution Throttle Control

Throttle Control (Open-Center-Control) Features

HP-Distribution Positive Control

Closed Loop Open Loop

Open Center Control

Principle Load Sensing

 Start of movement load-/flow-

Principle Load Sensing (variable displacement

140 bar 200 bar

149 bar 209 bar

20 bar 220 bar

p Druckwaage Verlustleistung p Druckwaage Verlustleistung

Consumer Flows with reduced Pump Flow

Closed Loop Open Loop

Open Center Control

Flow Sharing-System (LUDV)

 Start of movement load-/ flow-

Flow Sharing System (LUDV)

200 bar  p = const.

LUDV Control Features

Consumer Flows with reduced Pump Flow

Closed Loop Open Loop

Open Center Control

Principle Pump Control

HP-Distribution pump control

Pump Control Features

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