Optical Networks

Presented by:

1 Hussein Ali Mohamed

Nineveh University
College of Electronics Engineering
Dept. of Computer & information Engineering
2 Introduction
 What is an optical network
 Why do we need optical networks
 Advantages of optical networks
 Parts of the Fiber Optic System
 What is Passive Optical Network PON
 What is Active Optical Network AON
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What is an optical network?
An optical Network connects computers
(or another device which can generate or
store data in electronic form) using optical
fibers.
optical fibers are essentially very thin glass
cylinders or filaments which carry signals in
the form of light (optical signals).
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Why do we need optical networks?

 Demand for bandwidth

 The tremendous growth of connected users online
 More and more bandwidth-intensive network applications:

• data browsing on the WWW

• Applications requiring large bandwidth
• video conferencing
• download movie
5 Advantages of optical networks
High speed capability (theoretically possible to send 50
Terabits per second using a single fiber)
Low signal attenuation
Low signal distortion
Low power requirement
Low material usage
Small space requirements
Immunity to electrical interference

FACT : Current industry standards allow 100 Gigs of

throughput on a fiber strand using existing hardware.
6 Parts of the Fiber Optic System

A fiber optic system has four main components:

 Transmitter : Converts a signal, for example sound, into a pattern
of light.
 Optical Fiber : The cable that conducts the light patterns over
large distances.
 Optical Regenerator : In transmittance, some light energy may be
lost. This device boosts the light signal back up to continue its
journey. This is used for signals sent over very large distances.
 Optical Receiver: Converts the light patterns back to an
understandable message, (i.e., sound).
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FIBER OPTIC
COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM

receiver in an optical
Electrical Optical to
to Optical Electrical
Signal Fiber (s) signal
Transmitter Receiver
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Global Optical Fiber Network
9 Optical Network Architecture

Active Optical Network (AON)

Passive Optical Network (PON)
 Active Optical Network (AON)
10 AONs rely on electrically powered network equipment to distribute the signal,
such as a switch or router. Normally, signals need optical-electrical-optical
transformation in the AON. Each signal leaving the central office is directed
only to the customer for whom it is intended.
Optical network termination

Optical line termination OLT

 Passive Optical Network (PON)
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A passive optical network (PON) is a telecommunications network
that uses point-to-multipoint fiber to the premises in which unpowered
optical splitters are used to enable a single optical fiber to serve
multiple premises.
 Comparison of PON and AON
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