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Chapter: 02
By Shahzada
Khan
(M.Sc in Physics)
Explanation
• Let us take the example of a football
that is kicked by you. Now can you tell
me that how much time will it take to
reach down? Or what will be distance
covered by football?
• These questions lead us to motion and
its parameters that is calculated by
Mechanics.
Mechanics is further divided into following
branches.
• Kinematics
• Dynamics
and • Rest is defined as the body that does not change its position or
not moving with respect to observer is known as Rest.
Motion
• Motion is refers us that if a body changes its position or moved
with respect to observer is known as Motion.
• Explanation
• Take the example of a book that is on the table. How can you defined the state of
book? The answer lead us to Rest where you are observing that it is not moving so this
position is known as Rest.
• Now look a person who is running. Here, what is state of a running person? Mind aries
the answer that it is changing its position with respect to me then this condition is
called Motion.
Rest Motion
Types of Motion
Distance
• It is length that is calculated more than two points.
• It is also defined as the total length that an object
covers.
• For example, you want to go to school. For that
purpose, first you go to bus stop than it takes you to
school. Here length from house to bus stand till school
is known as Distance.
Displacement
• It is also lenght that is measured from initial point to
final point.
• In simple words, it is shortest length between two
pionts.
• For example, if you go to school in short way that starts
from house and end to school then such length is
known as Displacement.
Speed
•Statement
•Speed is the rate of changing of distance. Or speed is the distance traveled by an object in
a unit time.
•In simple words, how far an object goes in certain time?
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑑
•Speed= 𝑣=
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡
•Unit=𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟Τ𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑚Τ
𝑠
Velocity
•Statement
•Velocity is the rate of displacement. Or it is a displacement traveled by an object in a unit
time.
•In simple words, how far an object goes in a direction in a certain time.
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑛𝑡 𝑑
•Velocity= 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝑣= 𝑡
•Unit=𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟Τ𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑚Τ
𝑠
Types of velocity
Uniform
Velocity or
Constant It occurs when traveling at a constant time in
velocity one direction.
Variable
Velocity The velocity that occurs when traveling is not
at a constant time.
Average
velocity The resultant displacement divided by the total
time elapsed
Statement
Derivation
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
• The uniform acceleration=
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝑣𝑓 −𝑣𝑖
•𝑎=
𝑡
• Or 𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖 = 𝑎𝑡
• Or 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡
Second Equation of Motion
𝑔റ = 9.8 m/s 2