 COMBUSTION COMPONENT

FAIL DUE TO :
1. WEAR
2. OXIDATION
3. CRACKING

A. CAP AND LINER ASEMBLY

B. FUEL NOZZLE
C. IGNITOR ( SPARK PLUG )
D. TRANSITION PIECE
E. CROSSFIRE TUBE

GOOD COMBUSTION SYSTEM :

1. GOOD IGNITION
2. LOW LINER PRESSURE DROP
3. STABILITY
4. LONG LIFE
5. UNIFORM TEMPERATURE
6. NO CARBON BUILDUP
7. LOW SMOKE
DATA AND RECORD OF :

 OPERATION
 MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION
 DAILY OPERATION LOG-BOOK
 GENERAL SPECIFICATION.
 STANDARD DESIGN AND CLEARANCES
 START UP CHECK LIST
 MAINTENANCE PROCEDURE GUIDE
 MAINTENANCE REPAIR RECORD
 HISTORY RECORD
 OEM INFORMATION RECORD
 MAINTENANCE CHECK LIST
MAINTENANCE IN PRACTICES
MAINTENANCE – INSPECTION REPORT
MAINTENANCE PROCEDURE
TROUBLESHOOTING

SYMPTOM TROUBLE PROBLEM

ANALYSIS

ACTION

SYMPTOMS
POSSIBLE / PROBABLE CAUSES
LEVEL OF PROBABILITY
POSIBLE REMEDIES / CORRECTIVE ACTION
 SAMPLE CASE

SYMPTOM , MOST LIKELY THE PROBLEM , AND REMEDY

 SYMPTOM :
 RUNNING
 MAX GP SPEED BELOW 100%
 INCREASE GP SPEED POTENTIOMETER, WON’T GO UP
 ENGINE TEMP. 1190 DEG F ( TOPPONG POINT )
 IMPENDING T5 LIGHT ON
 MFAC OUTPUT 6VDC STEADY
 THROTTLE POSITION OK

 PROBLEM :
 ENGINE DIRTY, FOULING, LACK OF COOLING AIR

 REMEDY :
 ENGINE WASH
TROUBLE SHOOTING AND VERIFICATION QUESTIONARE

 WHEN IT HAPPEN
 HOW IT HAPPEN, WHAT’S GOING WRONG
 IF WE DO THIS THEN ……
 HOW EACH COMPONENTS INDVIDUALLY FUNCTIONING
 WHAT SHOULD HAPPEN, WHAT IS GOOD, WHAT’S NOT GOOD.
 HOW EACH COMPONENTS INTERACT TO OTHERS
 WHEN ??
1. STARTING
2. CRANKING
3. FIRING
4. SPEED UP
5. RATED SPEED
6. LOADING
7. SHUT DOWN
THE END
1
2
GAS TURBINE
MARK VI SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM
 SEDIKIT
TENTANG

SOLAR
GAS TURBINE
INDUSTRIAL GAS TURBINE ON THE SKID
 ENGINE MAIN SUBASSEMBLIES

THE GAS TURBINE

ENGINE CONSISTS OF
SEVERAL BASIC MAIN
SUBASSEMBLIES
WHICH ARE
CONNECTED INLINE ,
USING ATTACHING
BOLTS OR NUTS AT THE
HOUSING OR CASE
FLANGES OF EACH
SUBASSEMBLIY.
 COMPRESSOR AND AIR INLET ASSEMBLY
THE AIR INLET ASSY HAS A 360 DEG,
ANNULAR OPENING , COVERED WITH A
HEAVY MESH SCREEN,
THE AIR INLET HOUSING SUPPORTS THE
COMPRESSOR ROTOR SHAFT FORWARD
BEARING, AND IS BOLTED TO THE
ACCESORY DRIVE HOUSING
THE COMP ASSY IS AN AXIAL FLOW TYPE,
11 STAGS, INCORPORATING VARIABLE IGV
ASSY, COMP CASE ASSY, DIFFUSER ASSY,
COMP BEARING SUPPORT HOUSING AND
COMP ROTOR ASSY
THE VARIABLE IGV RESTRIC AIR FLOW
INTO FIRST TWO ROWS OF STATORS
DURING START TO AVOID
RESTRICTING SURGE LIMITS. THE
VANES BEGIN TO OPEN ABOUT 70%
SPEED REACH FULL OPEN POSITION
AT 87% SPEED.
SUPPORTED OF FORWARD AND AFT ENDS
BY TILTPAD BEARINGS, THE ROTOR ASSY
IS CONNECTED TO THE ACCESORY DRIVE
GEAR TRAIN AND TO THE TURBINE ROTOR
SHAFT
 COMBUSTOR AND GAS PRODUCER TURBINE
THE COMBUSTOR & GAS PRODUCER TURBINE ASSY INCLUDES THE TURBINE
BEARING SUPPORT HOUSING, THE COMBUSTOR ASSY, AND THE TWO- STAGE
TURBINE ROTOR ASSY

COMBUSTOR
THE COMBUSTOR CHAMBER IS A
STRAIGHT-THROUGH-FLOW
ANNULAR TYPE. THE GAS FUEL
MANIFOLD IS ATTACHED AROUND
THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF
COMBUSTOR HOUSING.
10 FUEL INJECTORS ARE MOUNTED ON
BOSSES AROUND THE COMBUSTOR
HOUSING, AND PROTUDE THROUGH
AND SUPPORT THE COMBUSTOR LINER
ASSY IN THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER.
THE COMBUSTOR HOUSING
INCORPORATES A FLANE FOR
MOUNTING THE BLEED AIR VALVE
 GAS PRODUCER TURBINE
THE GAS PRODUCER TURBINE
ROTOR ASSY CONSISTS OF THE
TURBINE ROTOR SHAFT AND 2
TURBINE ROTOR DISCS. THE
ASSY IS SECURELY CLAMPED
TOGETHER BY A THERMO-
STRECHED THROUGH-BOLT.
THE TURBINE NOZZLES ARE
CONTAINED IN A NOZZLE CASE
WHICH IS CAANTILEVERED
FORWARD FROM THE AFT
FLANGE OF THE COMBUSTOR
HOUSING. THE TURBINE ROTOR
BEARINGS ARE SUPPORTED BY
THE BEARING SUPPORT ASSY.
MOST EXTERNAL AREAS OF
EXTREMELY HIGH
TEMPERATURE ARE COVERED
WITH AN INSULATING STAILESS
STEEL BLANKET FOR
PROTECTION ON PERSONNEL
AND PREVENT FIRE
 TEORI DASAR TURBINE GAS

BEBERAPA PRINSIP DASAR YANG MENJADI ACUAN DIBAGIAN-BAGIAN

GAS TURBINE

DI COMPRESSOR :

1. GAS MENGALIR DARI TEKANAN TINGGI KETEKANAN RENDAH.

UNTUK MEBALIK PROSES INI, DIPERLUKAN DAYA.
2. PADA COMP RECIPR, TEKN DITINGKATKAN DENGAN MEMPERKECIL VOL.
PADA COMP AXIAL TEKANAN DITINGKATKAN MELALUI PROSES STAGNASI
3. COMP BEKERJA DENGAN ASUMSI : ALIRAN UDARA LAMINAR, SEMUA ENERGI
YANG MASUK DIUBAH MENJADI TEKANAN (ISENTROPIK), TIDAK ADA
KERUGIAN2 ( MIS GESEKAN DSB)
4. MOLEKUL UDARA DENGAN TEMP RENDAH LEBIH RAPAT DIBANDING TEMP
LEBIH TINGGI
COMP AKAN LEBIH MUDAH MENARIK UDARA PAGI DIBANDING SIANG
5. COMP STALL AKAN TERJADI JIKA ALIRAN UDAR YANG NASUK KE COMP
ADALAH TURBULENCE
 DI GAS PRODUCER TURBINE DAN DI POWER TURBINE

1. HUKUM NEWTON III ( AKSI REAKSI )

JIKA SUATU GAYA BEKERJA PADA SUATU BENDA, MAKA AKAN ADA
GAYA REAKSI DARI BENDA TSB YANG BESARNYA SAMA DN SEGARIS DENGAN
GAYA AKSI TSB.
2. MOMENTUM
JIKA SUATU BENDA YANG BERMASA m BEREGERAK DENGAN KECEPATAN
BERATURAN v , MAKA BENDA TSB AKAN MEMILIKI MOMENTUM YANG
BESARNYA MASSA DIKALIKAN KECEPATAN BENDA TSB.
3. KEKEKALAN MOMENTUM
JIKA BENDA A BERMASSA m(A) DAN BERGERAK BERATURAN DENGAN
KECEPATAN v(A) KEMUDIAN BERTUMBUKAN SEDARA LENTING SEMPURNA
DENGAN BENDA B YANG BERMASSA m(B) DAN KECEPATAN v(B), MAKA
JUMLAH MEMEMENTUM SEBELUM DAN SESEDAH TUMBUKAN AKAN TETAP.
m(A).v(A) + m(B).v(B) = m(A).v(A)’ + m(B).v(B)’ = KONSTANT
4. GAYA IMPULS
IMPULS ADALAH BESARNYA PERUBAHAN MOMENTUM SETIAP DETIKNYA
5. EKSPANSI THERMODINAMIK
GAS BERTEKANAN DAN TEMPERATUR TERTENTU JIKA MENGEMBANG AKAN
MELEPASKAN SNERGI DALAM BENTUK LAIN
 DI RUANG BAKAR

1. HUKUM KESETIMBANGAN REAKSI (LAVOISIER) HARUS TERJADI DALAM

REAKSI PEBAKARAN FUEL , MIS
2 CH3 + O2 2 CO2 + 3 H2O + ENERGI
2. REAKSI PEMBAKARAN ADALAH DENGAN UDARA BERLEBIH AGAR TIDAK
TERJADI GAS CO
3. UNTUK TERJAINYA PEMBAKARA CAMPURAN BAHAN BAKAR DENGAN UDAR
HARUS BERADA DI FLAMABILITY LIMIT
0,04 < F/A < 0,2
4. KECEPATAN UDARA LOKAL HARUS DIBAWAH FLAME SPEED
5. RESIDENCE TIME (WAKTU TUNGGU) YANG CUKUP HARUS TERJADI UNTUK
MASA BERCAMPURNYA BAHAN BAKAR DENGAN UDARA DI PRIMARY ZONE
6. PECAMPURAN UDARA DAN BAHAN BAKAR ADALAH TURBULENCE
 STANDARD INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS
TORNADO GAS TURBINE SINGLE SHAFT NATURAL GAS FUEL

 1 HOUR RUN AT BASE LOAD = 1 FIRED HOUR

 1 HOUR RUN AT PEAK LOAD = 4 FIRED HOURS
 1 START = 10 FIRED HOURS

 BASE LOAD IS DEFINED AS THE LOAD ACHIEVED WHILE RUNNING WITH THE TURBINE OPERATING UP
TO AND AT ITS MAXIMUM CONTINOS OUTPUT
 PEAK LOAD IS DEFINED AS THE LOAD ACHIEVED SHOULD THE TURBINE OPERATE ABOVE ITS
MAXIMUM CONTINOUS OUTPUT, BUT BELLOW THEWARNING SETTING
 START IS DEFINRD AS ANY START, SUCCESSFUL OR OTHERWISE WHERE FUEL HAS BEEN IGNITED
AND THE TURBINE HAS EXPERIENCED A TEMPERATURE RISE
 FULL LOAD TRIP. NORMAL TRIPS FROM LOAD DO NOT RESULT IN INCREASED MAINTENANCE
ACTIVITY
 MAINTENANCE CATEGORIES

“ A” TYPE INSPECTION
 BORESCOPE COMPRESSOR BLADING AND COMPRESSOR TURBINE AND POWER
TURBINE BLADING
 VISUAL INSPECTION, AND REPLACEMENT “ON CONDITION” OF
* COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
* CROOS LIGHT TUBES
* TRANSITION DUCTS
 REMOVE BURNERS AND CLEAN
 CHECK IGNITERS RETRACTION OPERATION, INSPECT IGNITOR LEADS, AND IGNITOR
LEADS INSULATION RESSISTANCE
 TEST LUBE OIL FOR OXIDATION AND ACIDITY
 CHECK ALIGMENT OF TURBINE AND DRIVEN UNIT
 GREASE ELECTRIC MOTOR BEARINGS WHERE APPLICABLE
 REMOVE AUTOMATIC DRAIN AND NON RETURN VALVES AND CLEAR DREAIN PIPING
 VISUAL/PHYSICAL INSPECTION OF VIGV MECHANISM. REPLACE WORM LINKAGES
 CHECK SECONDARY BREATHER EXTERNAL PIPING AND FLAME TRAP
 CHECK FLAME DETECTORS, GAS DETECTORS, THERMAL DETECTORS, AND WEIGH CO2
BOTTLES
“B” TYPE INSPECTION
 ALL INSPECTIONS AS TYPE ‘A ‘ except borescope work
 BORESCOPE COMPRESSOR BLADING
 ROLL OUT GAS GENERATOR, REMOVE AND INSPECT POWER TURBINE STAGE 1
STATOR AND DISK AND POWER TURBINE STAGE 2 STATOR.
 REPLACE COMPONENTS “ ON CONDITION”
 REMOVE COMPRESSOR TURBINE ROTOR ASSEMBLY. REMOVE 2 DIAMETRICALLY
OPPOSED BLADES FOR EGT INSPECTION
 REMOVE AND INSPECT COMPRESSOR TURBINE STSTOR. REPLACE COMPONENTS “ ON
CONDITION”
 INSPECT COMPRESSOR TURBINE ROTOR TIP SEALS. REPLACE “ ON CONDITION”

“C” TYPE INSPECTION

 A MAJOR OVERHAUL OF ENGINE CORE
 CAN BE DONE WITH AN EXCHANGE CORE BEING FITTED AT SITE, OR BY ON SITE
SERVICING
 REPLACE COMPRESSOR TURBINE ROTOR AND STATOR BLADES
 REPLACE FURTHER COMPONENTS “ON CONDITION”
INSPECTION MATRIX