Life events vocabulary

To be born
To grow up
To start school
To graduate
Go to a job interview
Get a job
To fall in love
Get married
Have children
to retire
To die
 Simple Present
Expresses the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a
scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or
usually does not do.

Affirmative
Sub+ verb + complement

3rd person singular

Sub + verb (s or es) + complement

Question
Do/Does+ sub + verb + complement

Negative
Sub+ don't/doesn`t+ verb+ complement
 Exceptions
The verbs can, may, might, must remain the same in all forms. So don't add s.

example: he can, she may, it must

Verbs ending in o or a sibilant (ch, sh, s, x) add es instead of s.

example: do - he does, wash - she washes

A final y after a consonant becomes ie before s.

example: worry - he worries

But: A final y after a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) is not modified.

example: play - he plays

 Can
Can is an auxiliary verb, a modal auxiliary verb. We use can to:

•talk about possibility and ability

•make requests
•ask for or give permission

Structure
Sub + can+ verb base form+ complement
Example: She can drive a car.

Question
Can+ sub+ verb base form+ complement?
Example: Can you hear me?

Negative
Sub+ can´t+ verb base form+ complement
Example: I can't hear you.
 Simple past
Irregular and Regular verbs
Sub + verb-ed + complement
Examples:
He played soccer in the park
She went to the library

Question
DID + sub + verb (base form or infinitive)+ complement
Examples:
Did he play soccer in the park?
Did she go to the library?

Negative
Sub + didnot or didn’t + complement
Examples:
He didn’t play soccer in the park
He didn’t go to the library
 Simple past with when
IMPORTANT When-Clauses Happen First
Clauses are groups of words which have meaning but are often not complete sentences. Some
clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when I dropped my pen..." or "when class began...“

Examples:
•When I paid her one dollar, she answered my question.
•She answered my question when I paid her one dollar.
 Time expressions
• Yesterday
• Last Tuesday / week / month / year
• 3 hours / days / weeks / months / years ago
• In march 2010
• Recently
• A Little while ago
• A long time ago
• In the past
• this morning
 Direct objects
Direct object
A direct object answers the question "what?" or "whom?"
Examples:
•David repaired his car → his car is the direct object of the verb repaired. ( What did David repair?)
•He invited Mary to the party → Mary is the direct object of the verb invited. (Whom did he invite?)
 Indirect objects
Indirect Object
An indirect object answers the question "to whom?", "for whom?", "for what?"...
There must be a direct object for an indirect object to be placed in a sentence. In other words an indirect object cannot exist without a direct
object.

Examples:
•They sent him a postcard - him is the indirect object of the verb sent. (To whom did they send a postcard?)
•He bought his son a bike - his son is the indirect object of the verb bought. (For whom did he buy a bike?)
 Vocabulary go + gerund

go boating go hiking go running go sledding

go bowling go horseback riding go sailing go snorkeling

go bungee jumping go hunting go scuba diving go snowboarding

go camping go jogging go shopping go spearfishing

go canoeing go kayaking go sightseeing go surfing

go climbing go mountain climbing go skateboarding go trekking

go dancing go paragliding go skating go water skiing

go fishing go rollerblading go skydiving go windsurfing

 Present continous future
use the Present Continuous to talk about arrangements for events at a time later than now
SUB + am /is / are + verb- ing + complement
Examples:
I am studying buissness administration next june
She is having a wedding in march
 Exceptions
1.- If the base verb ends in consonant + stressed vowel + consonant, double the last letter:
Examples:
Stop → stopping
Run → running
Begin → beginning

2.-If the base verb ends in ie, change the ie to y:

Lie → lying
Die → dying

3.-If the base verb ends in vowel + consonant + e, omit the e:

Come → coming
Mistake → mistaking
 Exceptions
Senses / Perception
to feel, to hear, to see, to smell, to taste
Mental states
to forget, to imagine, to know, to mean, to notice, to recognize, to remember, to understand
Emotions / desires
to envy, to fear, to dislike, to hate, to hope, to like, to love, to mind, to prefer, to regret, to want, to wish
Measurement
to contain, to cost, to hold, to measure, to weigh
Opinion
to assume, to believe, to consider, to doubt, to feel (= to think), to find (= to consider), to suppose, to think
Others
to look (=resemble), to seem, to be (in most cases), to have(when it means "to possess")
 Time Expresions

Now
at this moment
at the present
These days
This week
This month
Tomorrow
Next week
Tonight
Tomorrow morning
 Going to
Going to is used to talk about things about the future.
Sub + be( is, am, are) + going + to – infinitive
Question
Be(is,am,are)+ sub + going+to- infinitive
Negative
Sub + isn’t/amnot/ aren’t + going +to- infinitive

positive negative question

I I am going to speak. I am not going to speak. Am I going to speak?
you / we / they You are going to speak. You are not going to speak. Are you going to speak?
he / she / it He is going to speak. He is not going to speak. Is he going to speak?
 Uses of Going to
Use of going to Future
• an action in the near future that has already been planned
or prepared.
example:
I am going to study harder next year.
He is going to learn german on summer.
• a conclusion regarding the immediate future.
example:
The sky is absolutely dark. It is going to rain.
I am going to paint my room in the evening.
NEW YEAR’S RESOLUTIONS
 New year’s resolution around the world
Estonia

People will eat 7, 9, or 12 times on New Year’s Eve, all lucky

numbers here
Russia

Russians try to pay off their debts, since it’s good luck to start
off the New Year free and clear.
Poland

New Year’s Eve is “St. Sylvester’s Eve”

China

Chinese New Year is between January 21st and

February 20th. For this special first day of the
year, front doors get a fresh coat of red paint,
which symbolizes happiness and good luck
Greece

In Greece, they celebrate the New Year by baking a coin into a

sweet bread called "vasilopita." It's said to bring luck to the
person who finds it.