G

Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4:

O

Establish the Define the Determine Develop a Set A

Goals Present Aids of Action Plans
Situation
and
L
Barriers
S
 is
comparatively easy to see what is taking place
now but the future is never clear. Although
difficult to do, anticipating future situations,
problems and opportunities is an essential part of
Unwillingness to give up alternative goals

Fear of failure

Lack of organizational knowledge

Lack of knowledge of environment

Lack of confidence
Uncertainty about the causes and effects of change

Unwillingness to give up existing benefits

Awareness of weaknesses in the changes proposed

Helping Individuals Establish Goals

Managers who lack of knowledge of the organization in its external

environment need assistance. When planning is a well-understood process,
it is easier for each individual to develop his/her own goals. Fear of failure
and lack of confidence are also reduced by setting realistic goals and
achieving them. Providing training and guidance in ways to achieve goals is
one important step. Recognition and reward for successful goal
achievement is a second step; and providing constructive and supportive
responses when targets are occasionally missed is a vital third step.
Overcoming Resistance to Change

 Involve employees and other concerned groups, including stakeholders,

in the planning process.
 Provide more information to employees about plans and their probable
consequences so that they will understand the need for change, the
expected benefits, and what is required for effective implementation.
 Develop a pattern of effective planning and effective implementation. A
successful track record encourages confidence in the planners and
acceptance of new plans.
 Be aware of the impact of proposed changes on organization members and
minimize unnecessary disruptions.
Management by Objectives (MBO)

It is one approach to planning that helps to overcome the barriers.

Essentially, MBO involves managers and subordinates in jointly

establishing specific objectives and periodically reviewing progress toward
meeting those targets.
In MBO, effective planning depends on every manager’s having
clearly defined objectives that apply specifically to his or her individual
functions within the company.
Strengths of MBO

 It lets individuals know what is expected of them.

 It aids in planning by making managers establish goals and target dates.

 It improves communication between managers and subordinates.

 It makes individuals more aware of the organization’s goals.

 It makes the evaluation process more equitable by focusing on specific

accomplishments. It also lets subordinates know how well they are doing
in a relation to the organization’s goals.
Importance of MBO

 It lets individuals know what is expected of them.

 It aids in planning by making managers establish goals and target dates.

 It improves communication between managers and subordinates.

 It makes individuals more aware of the organization’s goals.

 It makes the evaluation process more equitable by focusing on specific

accomplishments. It also lets subordinates know how well they are doing
in a relation to the organization’s goals.