Efek Narkoba Kesehatan

Permasalahan
Penyalahgunaan Narkoba
• Indonesia pasar
potensial peredaran
gelap narkoba
• Jumlah penyalahguna
semakin meningkat
• Adiksi merupakan
masalah Public Health
• Adiksi adalah “Brain
Disease”
 Neurotoxicity
AIDS, Cancer
Mental illness,
Hepatitis

Homelessness Health care

Crime Productivity
Violence Accidents
 Estimated Economic Cost to Society Due
to Substance
Abuse and Addiction:
Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year
Alcohol: $185 billion/year
Tobacco: $158 billion/year

Total: $524 billion/year

Surgeon General’s Report, 2004; ONDCP, 2004; Harwood, 2000.

 Why Do People Take Drugs in The
First Place?

To Feel Good To Feel Better

To have novel: To lessen:
feelings anxiety
sensations worries
experiences fears
AND depression
to share them hopelessness
Your Brain on Drugs in the 1980’s
 Your Brain on Drugs Today

YELLOW
shows places in
brain where
cocaine binds
(e.g., striatum)

Fowler et al., Synapse, 1989.

 Addiction is Like Other Diseases…
 It is preventable
 It is treatable
 It changes biology
 If untreated, it can last a lifetime
Decreased Brain Metabolism Decreased Heart Metabolism
in Drug Abuser in Heart Disease Patient
High

Low
Healthy Brain Diseased Brain/ Healthy Diseased Heart
Cocaine Abuser Heart

Research supported by NIDA addresses all of these

components of addiction.
Drugs can be “Imposters” of
Brain Messages
 Movement

Motivation

Dopamine

Addiction Reward & well-being

dopamine
transporters
But Dopamine is only Part of the Story

• Scientific research has shown that other

neurotransmitter systems are also affected:
– Serotonin
• Regulates mood, sleep, etc.
– Glutamate
• Regulates learning and memory, etc.
Functionally…
Dopamine D2 Receptors are Decreased by Addiction

Cocaine

Meth

Alcohol

Heroin
Control Addicted
 Konsekuensi dari perubahan di otak

• Gangguan mental dan

perilaku
 [C-11]d-threo-methylphenidate

DAT Recovery Normal Control

high
with prolonged
abstinence from
methamphetamine
Methamphetamine Abuser
(1 month abstinent) low

Methamphetamine Abuser
(14 months abstinent)
Volkow et al., J. Neuroscience, 2001.
 Pengaruh Terhadap Hati
• Hepatitis B
• Hepatitis C
• Sirrosis hati
Kanker hati
 HIV / AIDS
• Terutama IDU
• Infeksi Oportunistik
• Butuh dukungan
keluarga
• Rutin terapi ARV
 4 dari 10 kematian AIDS
berhubungan dengan Drug Abuse
Wajah drugs abuser
In Treating Addiction…
We Need to Keep Our Eye on
the Real Targets!
TERIMA KASIH