ISOTROPIC LINEAR ELASTIC

MODEL
 Isotropic linear elastic model are the materials which obey Hooke’s law.

 Young’s modulus  Poisson’s ratio  Density

 Young’s Modulus
 Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials.
 A constant Young’s modulus means that the relation between stress and strain is
linear.
 Poisson’s Ratio
 When a material is compressed or elongated in one direction, it causes deformation
in other two perpendicular directions.
 Poisson ratio describes the relationship between the deformation along one axis to
the deformation along other two perpendicular axis.
 Most of the metals such as steel and aluminium have value between 0.2 to 0.35 and
are considered compressible while the material such as rubber and some foams have
value of 0.5 and are considered incompressible.
 Density
o In structural analysis, density of material is useful for
calculating inertia loads as for example load due to self-
weight.

o For homogenous material, the density is constant

throughout the material and hence its value can be
calculated by dividing the total mass with the total
volume of the object.
ISOTROPIC NON-LINEAR
ELASTIC MODEL
There are a number of approaches used to
model the nonlinearity of soil response in the
“elastic" region.
Models based on the hyperbolic stress-strain
relationship
A typical stress-strain curve of a nonlinear
Characteristic of Non Linear Elastic Model
Described by parameters which are scalar functions of the deformation.
Nonlinear constitutive parameters, including the stretch modulus, the
shear modulus and the Poisson function, that are defined for
homogeneous isotropic hyperelastic materials.
Used to quantify nonlinear elastic responses in several hyperelastic models
for rubber, soft tissue and foams.
 The general parameters identified here can also be viewed as a flexible
basis for coupling elastic responses in multi-scale processes, where an open
challenge is the transfer of meaningful information between scales.
 To be effective in estimating elastic material
behaviours
For the nonlinear parameters to be generally applicable, they must be
obtainable for all compressible or incompressible homogeneous isotropic
hyperelastic materials.

Ideally, nonlinear elastic parameters should be measured and calibrated

under multiaxial deformations.

For mechanical consistency with the linear elasticity theory, these parameters
must be equal to the corresponding linear elastic ones under small strains.
CONCLUSION
The modelling work
described the important
features of unload-reload
loops in pressuremeter
tests in sand can be
reproduced using a
nonlinear elastic, Mohr-
Coulomb plastic soil model
with an axisymmetric plane
strain finite element
program.