Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
SAFETY PRACTICES
MOHAMMED FAIZ M
S7 EE
ROLL NO. 25
The fault return conductor and the overcurrent protective device, in combination,
may prevent ventricular fibrillation and provide safer systems.
Grounding or connection to earth, is an action to minimise the consequence on
electrical faults.
If the enclosure is at earth potential and an individual is in contact with the earth,
there will be no difference in the potential to result in a shock.
For a fault current flows in the connection to the earth, the enclosure is raised in
potential equal to the product of the fault current and the impedance to the earth.
Now there will be a difference of potential between the enclosure and the body in
contact with the earth, and a shock potential is established.
The relatively safer system is one that minimizes the magnitude of the fault voltage
and/or the duration that the fault current exists.
The fault magnitude is determined by:
the impedance of the fault path
the fault voltage.
The impedance of the body, including the contact impedance where the current
enters and where it leaves the body is the limiting factor.
The fault duration is determined by:
how long the body is subjected to the fault current.
System Grounding
Equipment Grounding
𝑉𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦
𝑉𝑓𝑎𝑢𝑙𝑡 = 𝑍 × 𝑍𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛
𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 +𝑍𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛
The conductor connecting the enclosure directly to the earth has been removed.
A separate conductor has been added between the enclosure and the source.
The added conductor provides a path for the fault current to the source without
passing through the earth.
This conductor is known as “fault return conductor”.
The magnitude of the fault voltage can be calculated because the resistance of the
return path is a known quantity.
To provide a high level of fault current, a low-impedance electrically conductive
path from potentially faulted piece of equipment to the system source is necessary.
If that path is through the earth, the impedance of the earth will generally limit the
fault current to low levels that are insufficient for fault clearing.
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_(electricity)
6. http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/good-grounding-system
7. http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/what-is-the-difference-between-bonding-
grounding-and-earthing
8. http://ecmweb.com/power-quality/ground