Biomedical Science Objectives • Demonstrate basic word processing, Internet, and e-mail functions • Apply computer knowledge to safe patient care • Analyze the geometrical concepts of robotics and the mechanisms of the robotic system
Biomedical Science Objectives • Cite the basic principles of electricity and their application in the OR • Apply the principles of robotics to safe patient care practices in the OR • Apply the principles of physics to safe patient care practices in the OR
Robotics • Surgical technologists will be responsible for: – Setting up the robot – Running the computer programs – Operating equipment during the surgical procedure
Patient Scheduling • Streamlined • Use of e-mail or fax for communication provides instant information • Easily updated • Records printed prior to surgery
Surgical Records • Many facilities have placed a computer in each OR – Completion of the OR record and saved directly to the patient’s chart – Send lab or diagnostic orders – Receive lab or diagnostic results
CPU • Central Processing Unit • Silicon chip located within a case • Coordinates the operations of the computer • Manages the computer system • Facilitates exchange of data with the memory
Modem • Internal device or external unit with a cable inserted into the USB port • Facilitates sending information over phone lines, cable network, or satellite systems to other computers. 16
Basic Understanding • Atoms, electrons, and matter • Insulators • Electrical charge • Current – Direct and Alternating • Volts • Ohm’s • Radio frequency 21
Electrical Charge • Can be negative or positive • Two negatives or two positives will repel • Unlike charges will attract – REMEMBER - OPPOSITES ATTRACT!!
Electrical Current • Movement of the electrical charge • Current travels through the conductors by movement of the free electrons • Two types: Direct (DC) and Alternating (AC) – Common AC – Power lines – Common DC – Batteries
Volts and Ohm’s • Volt – Electrical potential or the electric charge at any given time between two points • Ohm’s law – Represents the rate of flow of electrons, and voltage represents the electric charge (or potential)
Electrosurgical Unit (ESU) Circuit • Generator (power source) • Active electrode (electrosurgical pencil) – Delivers the electric current to the surgical site through the tissue
Electrosurgical Unit (ESU) Circuit • Patient • Dispersive electrode (grounding pad) – Electric current is channeled back to the generator via the grounding pad
Monopolar/Bipolar • Monopolar • Bipolar – Most common – Less frequent – Coagulation or cutting – Only coagulation – Large areas – Delicate procedures – Areas of moisture
Accessories to Electrosurgery • Harmonic scalpel – Ultrasonic energy – Cut and coagulate – Surrounding tissue suffers less thermal damage (charring) – A grounding pad is not necessary • No electricity
Advantages of Electrosurgery • Reduced blood loss • Saves time • Cutting current also burns tissue reducing the need to stop and control bleeding • Cutting current seals small spaces in the tissue and lymphatic vessels
Laser Light • Different from ordinary light • Monochromatic • Coherent • Its color will decide how it will react with various tissues – Red laser light is absorbed by red-pigmented tissue
Parts of a Laser System • Energy pump (excitation source) • Gain medium • Resonator cavity • Laser head • Ancillary components • Control panel • Delivery system
Robotic Arm • Workhorse element of the system • Simple functions – Holding an endoscope for operative viewing • Complex functions – Manipulation of instrumentation
Advantages of Remote Manipulation • Eliminates hand tremor • Surgeon performs interventions in a confined space • Better visualization • Fosters telesurgery