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• Model Formulation
• Steps in application:
1- Identify problem as solvable by linear programming.
2- Formulate a mathematical model of the unstructured problem.
3- Solve the model.
Problem Definition
Resource Requirements
Product Labor Clay Profit
(hr/unit) (lb/unit) ($/unit)
Bowl 1 4 40
Mug 2 3 50
Alternative objective function lines for profits, Z, of $800, $1,200, and $1,600
Chemical Contribution
Nitrogen Phosphate
Brand (lb/bag) (lb/bag)
Super-gro 2 4
Crop-quick 4 3
Decision variables
x1 = bags of Super-gro
x2 = bags of Crop-quick
The objective function:
minimize Z = $6x1 + 3x2
where $6x1 = cost of bags of Super-gro
3x2 = cost of bags of Crop-quick
Model constraints:
2x1 + 4x2 16 lb (nitrogen constraint)
4x1 + 3x2 24 lb (phosphate constraint)
x1, x2 0 (nonnegativity constraint)
Graph of the Beaver Creek Pottery Company example with multiple optimal solutions
An unbounded problem
Sweatshirt - F 0.10 36 90
T-shirt - F 0.08 25 45
Breakfast to include at least 420 calaries, 5 milligrams of iron, 400 milligrams of calcium, 20 grams of protein, 12
grams of fiber, and must have no more than 20 grams of fat and 30 milligrams of cholesterol.
minimize Z =0.18x1 + 0.22x2 + 0.10x3 + 0.12x4 + 0.10x5 + 0.09x6+ 0.40x7 + 0.16x8 + 0.50x9
0.07x10
subject to
90x1 + 110x2 + 100x3 + 90x4 + 75x5 + 35x6 + 65x7 + 100x8 + 120x9 + 65x10 420
2x2 + 2x3 + 2x4 + 5x5 + 3x6 + 4x8 + x10 20
270x5 + 8x6 + 12x8 30
6x1 + 4x2 + 2x3 + 3x4+ x5 + x7 + x10 5
20x1 + 48x2 + 12x3 + 8x4+ 30x5 + 52x7 + 250x8 + 3x9 + 26x10 400
3x1 + 4x2 + 5x3 + 6x4 + 7x5 + 2x6 + x7+ 9x8+ x9 + 3x10 20
5x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 + 4x4+ x7 + 3x10 12
xi 0
Exposure Cost
(people/ad or
commercial)
Television 20,000 $15,000
commercial
Radio commercial 12,000 6,000
Warehouse supply of televisions sets: Retail store demand for television sets:
1- Cinncinnati 300 A. - New York 150
2- Atlanta 200 B. - Dallas 250
3- Pittsburgh 200 C. - Detroit 200
total 700 total 600
From To Store
Warehouse
A B C
1 $16 $18 $11
2 14 12 13
3 13 15 17
Maximum Barrels
Component Cost/barrel
Available/day
1 4,500 $12
2 2,700 10
3 3,500 14
Model summary:
minimize Z = $190(r1 + r2 + r3 + r4 + r5 + r6) + $260(o1 + o2 + o3 + o4 + o5 +o6) + 10(i1, + i2 + i3 + i4 + i5)
subject to rj 160 (j = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
oj 150 (j = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
r1 + o1 - i1 105
r2 + o2 + i1 - i2 170
r3 + o3 + i2 - i3 230
r4 + o4 + i3 - i4 180
r5 + o5 + i4 - i5 150
r6 + o6 + i5 250
rj, oj, ij 0
Inputs Outputs
School 1 2 3 1 2 3